Abstract: A method for determining a machining result during surface machining of components, has the following method steps of: providing a component, applying at least one device, which changes under pressure, to the component, machining the surface of the component provided with the at least one device, evaluating the machining operation on the basis of the change in the at least one device as a result of the surface machining of the component. At least one device is in the form of a film which changes at least one property during the surface machining of the component.

Abstract: An apparatus for shot peening blade mounting areas on a disc of a rotor includes a peening nozzle unit which streams shot peening media along a longitudinal axis. The unit includes a nozzle outlet which extends at least partially in a circumferential direction of the unit, and a deflection arrangement with a deflection area for the media. The deflection area is at least partially cone or half-hyperboloid shaped, such that the media passes the nozzle outlet over an angle range in circumferential direction after being deflected by the deflection arrangement. A method for shot peening the blade mounting areas positions the unit in a slot profile of a blade mounting area, and guides the unit along the contour of the slot profile with the nozzle outlet facing the contour of the slot profile to approximately uniformly peen the contour of the slot profile.

Abstract: An apparatus for shot peening blade mounting areas on a disc of a rotor includes a peening nozzle unit which streams shot peening media along a longitudinal axis. The unit includes a nozzle outlet which extends at least partially in a circumferential direction of the unit, and a deflection arrangement with a deflection area for the media. The deflection area is at least partially cone or half-hyperboloid shaped, such that the media passes the nozzle outlet over an angle range in circumferential direction after being deflected by the deflection arrangement. A method for shot peening the blade mounting areas positions the unit in a slot profile of a blade mounting area and guides the unit along the contour of the slot profile with the nozzle outlet facing the contour of the slot profile to approximately uniformly peen the contour of the slot profile.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a beam head including a vacuum housing, in which an electron source is arranged. The beam head also includes a beam finger that is connected to the vacuum housing and has an outlet window at a distal end. The beam head includes a transformer housing, in which a transformer connected to the electron source is arranged. The transformer housing is arranged directly on the vacuum housing.

Abstract: A method for determining a machining result during surface machining of components, has the following method steps of: providing a component, applying at least one device, which changes under pressure, to the component, machining the surface of the component provided with the at least one device, evaluating the machining operation on the basis of the change in the at least one device as a result of the surface machining of the component. At least one device is in the form of a film which changes at least one property during the surface machining of the component.

Abstract: For surface strengthening of blisk blades, a blade area of the blisk is completely inserted into a water bath (13), and a multitude of high-pressure water jets are injected into the water bath which are directed bilaterally and essentially vertically—and opposite to each other—to both blade sides. Cavitation bubbles imploding near the blade surface that are generated in the water bath on the periphery of the high-pressure water jets to produce micro jets upon imploding, exerting an effect on the blade surface, creating plastically formed depressions without sharp edges. An apparatus for performing the method includes a container (3), a jetting unit (6) having parallel spaced apart water-jet tubes (4) with nozzle openings connected to a high-pressure water conduit (5) to produce the high-pressure water jets.

Abstract: A controlled shot-peening of blisk blades (1) uses a stream of spherical shot-peening medium transported by compressed air or water. The shot is driven essentially at a right angle onto each blisk blade individually, actually simultaneously on both blade sides, and with identical impact intensity and immediately opposite on both sides in several side-by-side processing paths extending over the entire blade surface. A dual-nozzle unit (6) is linearly moveable in two directions normal to each other, and swivellable about an X and a Y axis. The unit (6) includes two preferably rectangular, essentially parallel arranged, shot-peening nozzles (7), whose spacing is settable in accordance with the blade profile, each of which has a nozzle opening situated at the same level and facing the pressure or the suction side of the respective blisk blade, and featuring identical distance to the respective blade surface during shot-peening.

Abstract: A method for the continuous casting of thin metal strip in a continuous casting installation, in which metal is discharged vertically downward from a mold, the metal strip is deflected from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction, and the metal strip is supported and/or conveyed and/or plastically deformed by a number of pairs of drive rolls. At least one pair of drive rolls plastically deforms the metal strip without significantly changing the mean thickness of the metal strip, namely with a change in the mean thickness of the metal strip of less than 5%, such that the deformation in the pairs of drive rolls produces material flow exclusively in the direction transverse to the direction of conveyance of the metal strip.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a casting/rolling plant for producing hot-rolled metallic, particularly steel, strips (7) having great surface quality from slabs or flat thin bars (2, 2a) that are cast in a continuous casting process, descaling being performed based on a rotary descaling process. In order to take into account parameters which are not considered in prior art in addition to rotary descaling, the hydraulically oscillated permanent mold (9) travels along several different oscillation curves (16, 17, 18) while the oscillation marks are deep-cleaned by adjusting the oscillation pattern that is determined to be optimal for each casting material.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a beam head including a vacuum housing, in which an electron source is arranged. The beam head also includes a beam finger that is connected to the vacuum housing and has an outlet window at a distal end. The beam head includes a transformer housing, in which a transformer connected to the electron source is arranged. The transformer housing is arranged directly on the vacuum housing.

Abstract: For surface strengthening of blisk blades, a blade area of the blisk is completely inserted into a water bath (13), and a multitude of high-pressure water jets are injected into the water bath which are directed bilaterally and essentially vertically—and opposite to each other—to both blade sides. Cavitation bubbles imploding near the blade surface that are generated in the water bath on the periphery of the high-pressure water jets to produce micro jets upon imploding, exerting an effect on the blade surface, creating plastically formed depressions without sharp edges. An apparatus for performing the method includes a container (3), a jetting unit (6) having parallel spaced apart water-jet tubes (4) with nozzle openings connected to a high-pressure water conduit (5) to produce the high-pressure water jets.

Abstract: In a method for determining the surface coverage obtained by shot peening to ensure uniform and complete strengthening of the surface of components, in particular blisk blades, a shot-peened surface topography is digitalized by an optical digital recording unit. A three-dimensional height profile is then prepared by measuring and evaluation software which includes both indentations and excrescences due to shot peening and also roughnesses due to manufacturing, which are smaller than the excrescences and indentations. The roughnesses are subsequently filtered out from the height image by a software filter using mathematical methods. A height diagram with the indentations situated below a zero line is established, with the size of these indentations being calculated in relation to the total area in the height diagram and the extent of coverage of the entire shot-peened surface being determined therefrom.

Abstract: With a method for surface strengthening and smoothening of metallic components, in particular of rotors or rotor drums (7) with integral blading for aircraft engines, the components are loaded in a vessel (2) which is filled with strengthening elements (10). A tumbling movement is performed by which the metallic components are strengthened and smoothened by a relative movement between the workpiece surface and the strengthening elements in one process step. The strengthening elements (10) have a circumferential, rounded edge area, or compressive strengthening area (13) for strengthening the surface, and, extending therefrom on both sides, a flatly curved smoothening area (14) for smoothening the surface roughened by strengthening. With low time and apparatus investment, workpieces can be provided that feature high fatigue strength and advantageous aerodynamic properties.

Abstract: A controlled shot-peening of blisk blades (1) uses a stream of spherical shot-peening medium transported by compressed air or water. The shot is driven essentially at a right angle onto each blisk blade individually, actually simultaneously on both blade sides, and with identical impact intensity and immediately opposite on both sides in several side-by-side processing paths extending over the entire blade surface. A dual-nozzle unit (6) is linearly moveable in two directions normal to each other, and swivellable about an X and a Y axis. The unit (6) includes two preferably rectangular, essentially parallel arranged, shot-peening nozzles (7), whose spacing is settable in accordance with the blade profile, each of which has a nozzle opening situated at the same level and facing the pressure or the suction side of the respective blisk blade, and featuring identical distance to the respective blade surface during shot-peening.

Abstract: For the production of hot strip referred to as TRIP steel (transformation induced plasticity), with a multiphase structure and with outstandingly good deformation properties along with high strengths, from the hot-rolled state, the invention proposes a method which is carried out with a predetermined chemical composition of the steel grade used within the limits 0.12-0.25% C; 0.05-1.8% Si; 1.0-2.0% Mn; the remainder Fe and customary accompanying elements and with a combined rolling and cooling strategy in such a way that a structure comprising 40-70% ferrite, 15-45% bainite and 5-20% residual austenite is obtained, wherein the finish rolling of the hot strip (7) is performed to set a very fine austenite grain (d<8 ?m) in the final forming operation (6?) at temperatures between 770 and 830° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of thin metal strip (1) in a continuous casting installation (2), in which method metal leaves a die (3) vertically downwards, wherein the metal strip (1) is bent out from the vertical direction (V) into the horizontal direction (H) and wherein the metal strip (1) is supported and/or conveyed and/or plastically deformed by means of a number of pairs of driving rollers (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). In order to avoid a drop in quality, in particular when changing the casting parameters, it is provided according to the invention that at least one pair of driving rollers (8, 9, 10) plastically deforms the metal strip (1) without significantly changing the average thickness (d) of the metal strip (1). Furthermore, the invention relates to a continuous casting installation, in particular for carrying out this method.

Abstract: Pulse shape analysis determines if two radiations are in coincidence. A transducer is provided that, when it absorbs the first radiation produces an output pulse that is characterized by a shorter time constant and whose area is nominally proportional to the energy of the absorbed first radiation and, when it absorbs the second radiation produces an output pulse that is characterized by a longer time constant and whose area is nominally proportional to the energy of the absorbed second radiation. When radiation is absorbed, the output pulse is detected and two integrals are formed, the first over a time period representative of the first time constant and the second over a time period representative of the second time constant. The values of the two integrals are examined to determine whether the first radiation, the second radiation, or both were absorbed in the transducer, the latter condition defining a coincident event.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to be able to produce dual-phase steels under local conditions even in the existing cooling section of a continuous casting and rolling plant by means of controlled cooling of the hot-rolled strip in two cooling stages following the forming process. Said aim is achieved by respecting the chemical composition of the initial steel within precisely defined limits and cooling in two stages from a finished rolled strip temperature Tfinish of A3?100 K<Tfinish<A3?50 K to a coiling strip temperature Tcoiling of <300° C. (<initial martensite temperature). the cooling speed V1,2 in both cooling stages ranging between 30 and 150 K/s, preferably between 50 and 90 K/s. The first cooling stage is carried out until the cooling curve enters the ferrite range, whereupon the heat released by the transformation of the austenite into ferrite is used for isothermally holding the obtained strip temperature Tconst during a holding time of =5 s until the beginning of the second cooling stage.

Abstract: Pulse shape analysis determines if two radiations are in coincidence. A transducer is provided that, when it absorbs the first radiation produces an output pulse that is characterized by a shorter time constant and whose area is nominally proportional to the energy of the absorbed first radiation and, when it absorbs the second radiation produces an output pulse that is characterized by a longer time constant and whose area is nominally proportional to the energy of the absorbed second radiation. When radiation is absorbed, the output pulse is detected and two integrals are formed, the first over a time period representative of the first time constant and the second over a time period representative of the second time constant. The values of the two integrals are examined to determine whether the first radiation, the second radiation, or both were absorbed in the transducer, the latter condition defining a coincident event.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a corresponding continuous casting machine (1) for continuously rolling a metal bar, particularly a steel bar, which is produced at a casting speed and the cross section of which is configured as a thin slab. Said metal bar is bent, dressed, and cut to length as required during cooling and is fed into a first roll stand for rolling once the temperature has been equalized. Optionally the metal bar can still be fed by modifying the casting machine by supporting (3) a vertically cast continuous slab (2) having a guide length that is adjusted to the casting rate. One or several segments of said continuous slab (2) is/are then dressed by bending and straightening, whereupon the continuous slab (2) is guided by a sling (11), which is supported from below, into a straightening driver (6) that is positioned at a distance approximately equivalent to the length of the sling before being cut to length (7).