Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration device for deep-bed filtration which is easier to handle and enables filter modules(s) to be changed and disposed of easily. The filtration device has a casing with at least one filter module inserted in the casing with filter elements made from deep-bed filter materials stacked on top of each other. The filter elements have at least one internal structure formed by a perforation wherein the boundary surface of the perforation formed by the deep-bed filter materials creates a through-flow surface for filtrates or non-filtrates. At least one end plate has at least one inlet and/or outlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration device for deep-bed filtration which is easier to handle and enables filter module(s) to be changed and disposed of easily. The filtration device has a casing with at least one filter module (1) inserted in the casing with filter elements (10, 10′, 10a′, 10b′) made from deep-bed filter materials stacked on top of each other. The filter elements have at least one internal structure (17) formed by a perforation (20) wherein the boundary surface of the perforation (20) formed by the deep-bed filter materials (12) creates a through-flow surface (11) for filtrates or non-filtrates. At least one end plate (52, 53) has at least one inlet and/or outlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flat filter element and a filter module composed of said filter elements, which are easy to handle and enable easy disposal when dealing with large filtering surfaces. The filter element consists of at least one inner structure (17) formed by openings (20a-f, 21a, b, 30a-g, 31a, b), wherein the defining surface of the openings (20, 21a, b, 30a, b, 31a, b) formed by the depth filter material (12) constitutes a through-flow surface (11a, b) which is substantially perpendicular to the filter element plane.

Abstract: A process is described for filtration of fluids, particularly of heterodisperse fluids like beer, in which a cleaning cycle of the MF modules is always carried out when the transmembrane pressure exceeds a pre-set pressure which has been selected to be equal to the optimal trans-membrane pressure for the particular fluid to be filtered as regards its analytical appearance. In beer filtration this value is preferably set at 1.5 bar. The microfiltration facility is equipped with numerous MF modules 5, arrayed in series and parallel; with a device for cleansing the MF modules 5; and with a measuring device 3 for recording trans-membrane pressure, attached to a control device 7, which, upon attaining the pre-set trans-membrane pressure, interrupts the filtration process and starts a cleansing cycle going.

Abstract: A process is described for filtration of fluids, particularly of beverages like beer, utilizing microfiltration membrane modules operated in alternating filtering cycles and cleansing cycles, in which the cleansing cycles are always carried out when the transmembrane pressure exceeds a pre-set pressure which has been set to equal to the optimum trans-membrane pressure for the particular fluid being filtered, based on an analysis of the fluid after it has been filtered. In beer filteration, this value is preferably set at 1.5 bar. The microfiltration facility is equipped with numerous MF modules, arrayed in series and parallel; with a device for cleansing the MF modules and a measuring device for recording trans-membrane pressure that is attached to a control device which, upon attaining the pre-set trans-membrane pressure, interrupts the filtering cycle and starts a cleansing cycle.

Abstract: A module for crossflow filtration, a method of making same, and a filtration device that accommodates at least one such module, which includes at least two multilayer filter units which are stacked on top of one another and are separated from one another by a respective spacer, with the module having at least one channel for unfiltered material and at least one filtrate channel that connects the filter units. The module further includes a sealing material ring for sealingly interconnecting peripheral portions of the filter units, with at least one edge section of the filter units being spaced from the sealing material ring to form the channels for unfiltered material. The layers of each individual filter unit are fused together at least at edge sections that are not embedded in the sealing material ring which, at edge sections of the filter units that are embedded therein, has a width that is sufficient to completely accommodate the filtrate channels.

Abstract: A module for crossflow filtration, a method of making same, and a filtration device that accommodates at least one such module, which includes at least two multilayer filter units which are stacked on top of one another and are separated from one another by a respective spacer, with the module having at least one channel for unfiltered material and at least one filtrate channel that connects the filter units. The module further comprises a sealing material ring for sealingly interconnecting peripheral portions of the filter units, with at least one edge section of the filter units being spaced from the sealing material ring to form the channels for unfiltered material. The layers of each individual filter unit are fused together at least at edge sections that are not embedded in the sealing material ring which, at edge sections of the filter units that are embedded therein, has a width that is sufficient to completely accommodate the filtrate channels.

Abstract: In an arrangement for the generation and focussing of shock waves for purposes of comminution of concrements, wherein the generation is provided by a pair of electrodes, and the focussing is provided by a rotational ellipsoid; the electrodes extend from a sleeve being inserted in the body of the ellipsoid such that the electrodes center on one of the two focal points of the rotational ellipsoid; a positioning device for the electrodes includes a position indicator on the electrode sleeve such as a metal or optical marking on a mechanical actuator having a highly accurately predetermined positional relation to the electrodes; a position sensor on the body of the rotational ellipsoid has a highly accurately determined position in relation to the first focal point; and a circuit is connected to the position sensor to provide a audible and/or visible representation if, and only if, the position indicator has an accurate position related to the sensor as an indication that the electrodes are centered on the first

Abstract: An instrument for therapeutic shock waves in which the shock waves are triggered in response to the patient's heartbeat cycle or to the patient's breathing cycle or both.

Abstract: A concrement in a human body is located by an X-ray system establishing an axis through the concrement; ultrasonic equipment determines a depth coordinate value for the concrement on that axis, and a shock gyrator and focusing system is placed on that established axis for obtaining the comminution. A rest is provided for placing the body in the action zone, and for establishing a second axis in a coordinate system; the third axis is perpendicular to the latter and defines locally the direction of position change for the various types of equipment needed to carry out the aforementioned program.

Abstract: A trigger instrument for therapeutic shock waves, in particular for comminuting kidney stones, in which the shock waves are triggered by the R pip of the EKG or by a preselected time-delay thereafter.

Abstract: An improved shockwave lithotripsy system includes a movable patient support carriage having a shock wave generator and focussing device mounted thereto, along with an indexing reference. An ultrasonic oscillator is also attached to a mounting arm arrangement mounted in turn to the support carriage and allowing for three dimensional adjustment of the oscillator relative to a patient on the carriage, the mounting arrangement having an additional indexing reference such that after a concrement internal to the patient is located using the ultrasonic oscillator, the shock wave generator may be brought into focus on the concrement by bringing the indexing references into registry.

Abstract: In extracorporal lithotripsy a shock wave that is focussed on a concrement is followed by a pain producing pressure wave. This wave is filtered by means of a membrane bulging inwardly into the focussing chamber, closing the same and having a thickness smaller than the predominant wave length of the shock wave.

Abstract: A template member made of shock wave impermeable material such as air filled foam is affixed to the body of a living being (e.g. a human patient) leaving however an opening through which shock waves from a shock wave generator can pass so that a concrement in the body will be comminuted while the template member shields sensitive organs against parasitic ultrasonic radiation.

Abstract: An improved instrument for destroying concretions within the body of living tissue, with a focusing chamber which is a part of an ellipsoid of revolution and at one focus of which shock waves are generated by arc discharge, the improvement comprising that a pad (8) filled with degassed water and of which the front and rear sides thereof (10 and 12 respectively) are composed of shape-adapting, acoustically matched thin foils, is located between the liquid-filled focusing chamber (16) and the coupling site (6) to the body (2), the pad permitting simultaneous introduction of X-rays or ultrasonic waves to locate the concretion and to monitor the success in comminuting, and a second water pad (24) similar to the first pad is located at the body decoupling site and encloses the body over a large area, the rear side thereof being fastened by means of a damping or diffusely reflecting layer (26), for instance foam rubber, to a rigid dish (28) composed of one or more parts.

Abstract: A heart stimulator adapted to be used outside the body comprising pressure wave generating means and coupling means adapted to be placed on the surface of the body in the area of the heart without an air gap.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing helical oil grooves in a spherical metallic body, for example for a spiral groove bearing, which comprises exposing a photographic lacquer on the surface of said body to light under a pattern, developing the resulting image, and electrochemically etching and then chemically etching grooves in said body in the non-image areas, whereby pressure-building spiral grooves are produced having a planar groove bottom, straight walls, sharply right-angled edges, and a depth in the range of about 1 to 20 microns.