Abstract: An oven muffle that has at least two wall elements adjoining each other, which delimit at least some regions of an interior space that is used as a cooking chamber. The wall elements are of a glass or a glass ceramic and the adjacent wall elements are oriented at an angle with respect to one another. In an oven muffle of this invention, along with ease of cleaning, a simple structural design is achieved if the wall elements are integrally joined to one another and constitute one formed part.

Abstract: An insulating glass element for the at least partial delimitation of a combustion chamber, having at least two viewing panes, which have at least some areas a transparent glass or ceramic-glass material and are arranged spaced apart from each other while leaving an air chamber, and wherein a viewing area is created at least in parts of the air chamber. The two viewing panes are connected with each other by a temperature-resistant adhesive, and the adhesive encloses a viewing area of the viewing panes all around, or a spacing element, which runs around them at least partially, is connected with the two viewing panes in a material-to-material manner, preferably by a glued connection.

Abstract: An optically detectable, floatable arsenic- and antimony-free, glazable lithium-aluminosilicate glass that can be prestressed and the glass ceramic converted therefrom are described. The glass or the glass ceramic has a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of essentially SiO2 55-69, Al2O3 19-25, Li2O 3.2-5, Na2O 0-1.5, K2O 0-1.5, MgO 0-2.2, CaO 0-2.0, SrO 0-2.0, BaO 0-2.5, ZnO 0-<1.5, TiO2 1-3, ZrO2 1-2.5, 0.1-<1, ?TiO2+ZrO2+SnO2 2.5-5, P2O5 O-3, Nd2O3 0.01-0.6, CoO 0-0.005, F 0-1, B2O3 0-2.

Abstract: The invention envisions a method for improving the thermal shock resistance of glass objects. For this a glass object is heated starting from a surface temperature under the softening point (42) on the surface of a first side (3) until the viscosity reaches or goes below a value of 10(7.65±2) poise.

Abstract: In order to obtain glass or glass ceramic materials having increased strength, the invention provides a method for producing glass or glass ceramic articles, which comprises the steps: producing an initial glass body (11), mounting the initial glass body (11) on a gas cushion (13) between a levitation support (1) and the initial glass body (11), and at least partially ceramizing the initial glass body (11) on the levitation support (1). The levitation support comprises at least one continuous surface region (3) having at least one gas feed region (151, 152, 153) where levitation gas for the gas cushion (13) is fed out from the levitation support, and at least one gas discharge region (171 172, 173) where gas from the gas cushion (13) is at least partially discharged into the levitation support.

Abstract: A lithium-aluminosilicate glass or a corresponding glass ceramic that has a content of 0-0.4 SnO2, 1.3-2.7% by weight of ?SnO2+TiO2, 1.3-2.5% by weight of ZrO2, 3.65-4.3% by weight of ?ZrO2+0.87 (TiO2+SnO2), ?0.04% by weight of Fe2O3, 50-4000 ppm of Nd2O3 and 0-50 ppm of CoO is described. The glass or the glass ceramic is color-neutral, has a turbidity of less than 1% HAZE and a high light transmission. The glazing time for conversion of the glass into glass ceramic is especially short with less than 2.5 hours.

Abstract: The method produces a reshaped glass-ceramic article by forced reshaping of a flat green glass part during a ceramicizing process with temporarily lowered viscosity due to crystallization heat. To perform the forced reshaping economically the forced reshaping takes place in a continuous oven for ceramicizing and in an oven section in which the viscosity of the green glass part is temporarily lowered as a result of crystallization heat. An apparatus for performing the process is provided in the continuous oven including different active reshaping devices and/or a hollow mold. The method produces glass-ceramic articles with undamaged surfaces corresponding to surfaces produced during the making of the green glass part (smooth or structured, e.g. knobbed).

Abstract: The colorless transparent colloid-former-containing glass that is convertible into a colorless transparent glass ceramic or a metal colloid-colored glass ceramic via respective heat treatments contains a combination of one or more metal colloid formers and one or more redox partners. The metal colloid formers are compounds containing Au, Ag, As, Bi, Nb, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Sb and/or Sn. The redox partners are compounds containing As, Ce, Fe, Mn, Sb, Sn and/or W, with the proviso that the redox partner must be different from the metal colloid former.

Abstract: In the method of manufacturing a cooking stove its stove top can be equipped with different glass ceramic tops, which each have at least one cooking area, which is heated by a radiant heating body cooperating with a temperature-limiting adjusting device, which limits a surface temperature of the glass ceramic top. To economically and individually adjust the IR transmission of a glass ceramic top with a higher IR transmittance to that of a lower IR transmittance corresponding to that of another glass ceramic top so that they are interchangeable, the glass ceramic top with the higher IR transmittance is provided with an absorbing and/or reflecting coating. When the glass ceramic tops are interchangeable, either can be used in a given cooking stove without changing the expensive temperature-limiting device.

Abstract: An optically detectable, floatable arsenic- and antimony-free, glazable lithium-aluminosilicate glass that can be prestressed and the glass ceramic converted therefrom are described. The glass or the glass ceramic has a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of essentially SiO2 55-69, Al2O3 19-25, Li2O 3.2-5, Na2O 0-1.5, K2O 0-1.5, MgO 0-2.2, CaO 0-2.0, SrO 0-2.0, BaO 0-2.5, ZnO 0-<1.5, TiO2 1-3, ZrO2 1-2.5, SnO2 0.1-<1, ? TiO2+ZrO2+SnO2 2.5-5, P2O5 0-3, Nd2O3 0.01-0.6, CoO 0-0.005, F 0-1, B2O3 0-2.

Abstract: A transparent, colorless lithium-aluminosilicate glass ceramic plate with high-quartz mixed crystals as the prevailing crystal phase, which is provided on one side with an opaque, colored, temperature-stable coating over the entire surface or over the entire surface to a large extent, is described, which has a content of Nd2O3 of 40 to 4000 ppm, a Yellowness Index of less than 10% with a 4 mm glass (ceramic) layer thickness, and a variegation of colors of the glass or the glass ceramic in the CIELAB color system of C* of less than 5. The glass ceramic plate preferably has a composition (in % by weight based on oxide) of: Li2O 3.0-4.5, Na2O 0-1.5, K2O 0-1.5, ?Na2O+K2O 0.2-2.0, MgO 0-2.0, CaO 0-1.5, SrO 0-1.5, BaO 0-2.5, ZnO 0-2.5, B2O3 0-1.0, Al2O3 19-25, SiO2 55-69, TiO2 1-3, ZrO2 1-2.5, SnO2 0-0.4, ?SnO2+TiO2<3, P2O5 0-3.0, Nd2O3 0.01-0.4, CoO 0.0-0.

Abstract: The cooking stove top can be equipped with two different glass ceramic tops with different IR transmission spectra, which each have at least one cooking area, which is heated by a radiant heating body cooperating with a temperature-limiting adjusting device, which limits a surface temperature of the glass ceramic top installed in the cooking stove and/or the surroundings. To economically, variably, and individually adjust the IR transmission of one glass ceramic top with a higher IR transmittance to that of a lower IR transmittance of another glass ceramic top so that they are interchangeable, the glass ceramic top with the higher IR transmittance is provided with an absorbing and/or reflecting coating. When the glass ceramic tops are interchangeable, either can be used in a given cooking stove without changing an expensive temperature-limiting device that is designed for the cooking stove.

Abstract: In a process for the production of flat, particularly float glass that can be converted into glass ceramic, a liquid film consisting in particular of the float bath metal is formed between the wetback tile, and optionally the restrictor tiles, and the glass stream. The tiles preferably consist of a porous material through the pores of which is pressed the liquid for creating the film.

Abstract: The method produces a glass-ceramic article substantially in the form of a plate with improved high temperature difference resistance or strength. The glass-ceramic article contains keatite mixed crystals (KMK) or high quartz mixed crystals (HQMK) as well as the keatite mixed crystals (KMK). The method includes heating a glass-ceramic in a high quartz mixed crystal state to form the keatite mixed crystals with a heating rate of 20 K/min to 150 K/min, preferably more than 15 K/min, especially preferably more than 20 K/min. These high heating rates increase the temperature difference resistance.

Abstract: A method for making a float glass convertible into a glass ceramic, by which a largely crystal fault-free glass can be produced. In this method the glass is cooled from a temperature (TKGmax), at which a crystal growth rate is at a maximum value (KGmax), to another temperature (TUEG), at which practically no more crystal growth occurs, with a cooling rate, KR, in ° C. min?1 according to: KR UEG KG max ? ? ? ? ? T UEG KG max 100 · KG max , wherein ?T=TKGmax?TUEG, and KGmax=maximum crystal growth rate in ?m min?1. The float glass has a thickness below an equilibrium thickness, a net width of at least 1 m and has no more than 50 crystals with a size of more than 50 ?m, especially no crystals with a size of more than 10 ?m, per kilogram of glass within the net width.

Abstract: A method for melting inorganic materials, preferably glasses and glass-ceramics, in a melting unit with cooled walls is provided. The method includes selecting the temperature of at least one region of the melt is selected in such a way as to be in a range from Teff?20% to Teff+20%, where the temperature Teff is given by the temperature at which the energy consumption per unit weight of the material to be melted is at a minimum, with the throughput having been selected in such a way as to be suitably adapted to the required residence time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing colored glasses. The aim of the invention is to obtain a paricularly intimate mixture and to enable a quick change of the melt at the same time. To this end, the following procedure steps are applied: a melt made of a compound or fragments of glass is produced, the glass melt is further processed in at least one additional vessel, the melt is supplied to a skull device (3) (skull pot or skull channel) during subsequent processing, a dye is supplied (6, 6.1) to the melt after the melt was in the melting station (1) but before the melt enters the skull device (3) or while said melt is in the skull device.

Abstract: The translucent or opaque colored glass-ceramic article provides a cooking surface and has an adjustable light transmission in a visible range under 15%, as measured for a 4 mm sample thickness; a flaw-free upper surface with an impact resistance of greater than 18 cm breaking height, as tested with a 200 g steel ball in a falling ball test; a temperature difference resistance of greater than 500° C.; a high crystallinity with keatite mixed crystals as principal crystal phase in an interior of the glass-ceramic article and with a residual glass phase fraction of less than 8% by weight; a glassy upper surface layer of from 0.5 to 2.5 ?m thick, which is substantially free of high quartz mixed crystals and which inhibits chemical reactions, and a content of enriched ingredients in the residual glass phase in the interior of the glass-ceramic and in the glassy surface layer of ?Na2O+K2O+CaO+SrO+BaO+F+refining agents of from 0.2 to 1.6% by weight.

Abstract: The method produces a glass-ceramic article substantially in the form of a plate with improved high temperature difference resistance or strength. The glass-ceramic article contains keatite mixed crystals (KMK) or high quartz mixed crystals (HQMK) as well as the keatite mixed crystals (KMK). The method includes heating a glass-ceramic in a high quartz mixed crystal state to form the keatite mixed crystals with a heating rate of 20 K/min to 150 K/min, preferably more than 15 K/min, especially preferably more than 20 K/min. These high heating rates increase the temperature difference resistance.

Abstract: The method produces a reshaped glass-ceramic article by forced reshaping of a flat green glass part during a ceramicizing process with temporarily lowered viscosity due to crystallization heat. To perform the forced reshaping economically the forced reshaping takes place in a continuous oven for ceramicizing and in an oven section in which the viscosity of the green glass part is temporarily lowered as a result of crystallization heat. An apparatus for performing the process is provided in the continuous oven including different active reshaping devices and/or a hollow mold. The method produces glass-ceramic articles with undamaged surfaces corresponding to surfaces produced during the making of the green glass part (smooth or structured, e.g. knobbed).