Abstract: The introduction of undesired intermetallic phases (IMP) is reduced in lead-free solder joints. For this purpose, solder pastes are prepared, which have a metal powder mixture that generates a melting range of at least about 5° Kelvin and preferably less than about 30° Kelvin. Suitable for this purpose are metal powder mixtures, in which the melting points of the metal powder components lie apart from each other more than about 5° Kelvin, particularly more than about 10° Kelvin, preferably more than about 15° K, and optionally less than about 30° Kelvin, particularly up to about 25° Kelvin. However, metal powder mixtures are also possible, in which the melting point spread can equal about 100° Kelvin and more, if the higher melting component dissolves in the melt below the melting point of this component, so that the melting range can be held under about 30° Kelvin. With these solder pastes undesired intermetallic phases can be held nearly arbitrarily low.

Abstract: A blow-molding machine for producing blow-molded hollow bodies from a thermoplastic material, includes two blow-mold halves which can be horizontally displaced and provided with separate drive units for a transport drive and for the sequence of movements of the mold closing and locking device to open and close the blow mold halves. Conventional blow-molding machines are still equipped with hydraulic drives at least for the mold closing and locking device. In order to provide a blow-molding machine that can for example be operated under clean-room conditions, the drive unit of the blow-molding machine according to the invention is configured for the clamping elements of the mold closing and locking device as an electromotive direct drive with a spindle drive and a spindle mechanism with recirculating rollers.

Abstract: A shaft sealing ring for a shaft comprises a sealing lip made of an elastomeric material or a PTFE compound and dimensioned as to be flaccidly bendable. The flexural elasticity is selected such that it will just be sufficient to press a sealing portion of the sealing lip into sealing engagement with the periphery of the shaft. The sealing portion of the sealing lip engages the periphery for a predetermined length. In the sealing portion, the sealing lip is provided along its circumference, at the side of the shaft, with endless, undulating return channels at least throughout this length. These channels return any medium escaping during rotation of the shaft to the space to be sealed. The return channels do not communicate with the surroundings of the shaft sealing ring. No seperate contact pressure means, such as a helical ring coil spring is required to press the sealing lip into engagement with the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a ball and socket joint (1), for example, for a chassis bearing, with a ball (2), a pivot (3) originating from the ball (2), a housing (4) accommodating the ball, and a sealing bellows (5), which extends between the housing (4) and the pivot (3) and has a housing-side opening (6) and a pivot-side opening (7), wherein the sealing bellows (5) has a circumferential sealing lip (8) for sealing at the pivot-side opening (7). The ball and socket joint (1) according to the present invention is characterized in that a first guide ring (9), which guides the sealing bellows (5), is arranged at the pivot (3). An especially favorable functional separation is achieved as a result between the guiding function and the sealing function.

Abstract: A method and device for sterilizing containers in which a plasma treatment is executed through excitation of an electromagnetic oscillation so that the plasma is excited in a vacuum in the vicinity of the container regions to be sterilized. Between arrival and discharge, the container regions to be sterilized are moved closer to the oscillation-generating device in the chamber, with continuous movement of the container and/or of the oscillation-generating device for one or more predetermined time intervals in such a way that a plasma is excited in these regions inside and/or outside the container. The chamber is provided with a transport apparatus inside it, which produces an essentially rotating motion of the container during the transport from the arrival to the discharge in the chamber.

Abstract: Provision is made in a shaft sealing ring, comprising a rotary support body, at least one sealing lip mounted on the support body and extending at least partly in radial direction, and a sealing surface offered by the sealing lip and contacting a stationary countersurface, for the sealing lip to consist of a material which is permeable to the medium to be sealed off and permits penetration of the medium to be sealed off from a surface of the sealing lip facing the sealed space to the sealing surface.

Abstract: A water treatment unit having: (a) a cooling tower; (b) a source of cooling water; (c) a main flow pipe for receiving the cooling water; (d) a source of fresh water connected to the source of cooling water; (e) a heat exchanger for heating the cooling water to form heated water; (f) a branched flow pipe for separating the heated water into a main stream of heated water and a partial stream of heated water; (g) a non-backwashable filter capable of separating waste contained in the partial stream of heated water into a compact waste residue and a first filtrate, in the absence of backwashing; and (h) a return pipe for transporting the main filtrate back to the cooling tower, wherein the cooling water is introduced through the main flow pipe into the heat exchanger where it is heated, after which it is split into a main stream of heated water and a partial stream of heated water, the main stream of heated water being transported back to the cooling tower, with the partial stream being transported, by way of the

Abstract: A shaft sealing ring for a shaft comprises a sealing lip made of an elastomeric material or a PTFE compound and dimensioned so as to be flaccidly bendable. The flexural elasticity is selected such that it will just be sufficient to press a sealing portion of the sealing lip into sealing engagement with the periphery of the shaft. The sealing portion of the sealing lip engages the periphery for a predetermined length. In the sealing portion, the sealing lip is provided along its circumference, at the side of the shaft, with endless, undulating return channels at least throughout this length. These channels return any medium escaping during rotation of the shaft to the space to be sealed. The return channels do not communicate with the surroundings of the shaft sealing ring. No separate contact pressure means, such as a helical ring coil spring is required to press the sealing lip into engagement with the shaft.

Abstract: A blow-molding machine for producing blow-molded hollow bodies from a thermoplastic material, includes two blow-mold halves which can be horizontally displaced and provided with separate drive units for a transport drive and for the sequence of movements of the mold closing and locking device to open and close the blow mold halves. Conventional blow-molding machines are still equipped with hydraulic drives at least for the mold closing and locking device. In order to provide a blow-molding machine that can for example be operated under clean-room conditions, the drive unit of the blow-molding machine according to the invention is configured for the clamping elements of the mold closing and locking device as an electromotive direct drive with a spindle drive and a spindle mechanism with recirculating rollers.

Abstract: Provision is made in a shaft sealing ring, comprising a rotary support body, at least one sealing lip mounted on the support body and extending at least partly in radial direction, and a sealing surface offered by the sealing lip and contacting a stationary countersurface, for the sealing lip to consist of a material which is permeable to the medium to be sealed off and permits penetration of the medium to be sealed off from a surface of the sealing lip facing the sealed space to the sealing surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adjusting method for a roller section of a continuous casting machine which is provided with a section input side (6), a section output side (7) and a pair of roller carriers (1, 2) which each carry at least two rollers (3) extending over a supporting zone (4), with the roller carriers (1, 2) being mutually adjusted against one another by way of an adjusting unit arranged at the section input side (6) and at the section output side (7), with each adjusting unit being provided with two hydraulic cylinder units (8 to 11) arranged on either side of the supporting zone (4), characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder units (8 to 11) can be adjusted both in a position-controlled and pressure-controlled manner; the rollers (3) are placed in a position-controlled manner by the hydraulic cylinder units (8 to 11) against a metal billet (5) which is guided by the rollers (3); the hydraulic cylinder units (8 to 11) are changed over from position-controlled to pressure-controlled o

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the spacing or distance of two reference points which are movable between a lower spacing limit and an upper spacing limit. The method is especially for determining the spacing of a vehicle body of a motor vehicle relative to a fixed reference point. The spacings are determined with the aid of a sensor and this sensor is attached as close as possible to a defined position. Thereafter, an offset is determined from the signal, which is indicated by the sensor, and from the signal, which a sensor would indicate if located in the defined position. For the spacing measurement, this offset is added to the signal, which is indicated by the sensor, and the spacing of the two reference points is determined from the summation signal which results in this way. With the method, it is achieved that an imprecisely installed sensor can be calibrated to a precisely installed sensor.

Abstract: In an emulation device for emulating a target system with a system emulator to which an external emulator probe is connected, which has located therein a central processing unit and which is plugged into the target system in place of the target system processor in order to connect the target system with the system emulator, the functional units of the system emulator for performing time critical functions are combined into an integrated module and moved to the probe.

Abstract: A pulse generating wheel, combined with a radial shaft sealing ring, for a machine element that can rotate about an axis. The pulse generating wheel has a cylindrical sleeve that can be slid onto the machine element. The radial shaft sealing ring is provided with a sealing lip, made of polymer material, that is delimited on the side facing the atmosphere by a conical surface. In a first axial position of the cylindrical sleeve, the conical surface is contacted by the cylindrical sleeve and can be expanded in the radial direction. The cylindrical sleeve can be displaced out of the first axial position into a second axial position in which the sealing lip moves into direct contact with the machine element, and the cylindrical sleeve is at an axial distance from the conical surface.

Abstract: Device for the automatic evaluation of a plurality of test sample components, in particular within the field of water and sewage water analysis, comprising at least one chemical sensor into which the test sample component(s) is/are placed, and comprising a measuring device to determine the measurable variables which are characteristic for the test sample component(s), characterized in that each sensor is provided with a coding region for information regarding the measurable variable to be determined, and in that a reading device, for the evaluation of the coding region, and a monitoring device, which is connected to the reading device and the measuring device, are provided, wherein the monitoring device adapts the measuring device to the measurable variable to be determined on the basis of the reading supplied by the reading device.

Abstract: A sterilization device on a filling and sealing machine for cup-shaped packaging containers has an endless conveying device in a sterilization chamber. The conveying device is equipped with carrier plates for the packaging containers has two deflection segments one above the other, and two vertical straight segments between them. A preheating device and a sterilization device for applying the sterilization medium are associated with the ascending straight segment, and a drying device is associated with the descending straight segment. The treatment medium, such as warm air, sterilization means and sterile drying air, are blown through nozzles descending into the conveyed containers. During passage through the upper deflection segment, the applied sterilization medium acts for a specific period of time: while the containers point downward with their openings. The containers occupy a horizontal position in the straight segments.

Abstract: Hydrophilic, water-dilatable cyclodextrin polymerizates have a high cyclodextrin content and possess good mechanical properties. The cyclodextrin pearl polymerizates are produced by reacting hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrin derivatives with bifunctional crosslinking agents such as epichlorohydrin or diepoxides, followed by hydroxyalkylation of the primary product so obtained. The cyclodextrin polymerizates produced in this manner have mechanical properties appreciably superior to those of known, comparable cyclodextrin polymers.

Abstract: A hydrophilic, water-dilatable cyclodextrin polymerizate has a high cyclodextrin content which possesses good mechanical properties. The cyclodextrin pearl polymerizates are produced by radical, inversion suspension polymerization of cyclodextrin derivatives carrying methacrylate groups or their copolymerization with suitable comonomers such as hydroxyethylacrylate or hydroxymethylacrylate. Suitable cyclodextrin derivatives can be produced by reacting cyclodextrins or hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrins with methacrylic anhydride or with glycidyl methacrylate. The cyclodextrin polymerizates produced in this manner have mechanical properties appreciably superior to those of known, comparable cyclodextrin polymers.

Abstract: A cassette seal, comprising an outer ring and an inner ring of an opposing angular profile, which mutually surround an annular space having an imaginary concentric axis. The outer ring is provided with at least one sealing lip abutting on the inner ring. Also a gap connection is provided between the annular space and the space to be sealed off. This gap connection is limited on one side by a flange connected to the inner ring 2. With respect to its cross-section, the gap connection is widened on the side turned away from the flange in segmental cut-outs of the outer ring that are uniformly distributed over the circumference. These segmental cut-outs constitute ducts connecting the annular space and the space to be sealed off. These ducts are limited in the axial direction on the side facing the flange by a conically inclined run-off surface. This run-off surface constitutes a part of a diameter that concentrically surrounds the axis and is extended in a funnel shape in the direction of the annular space.

Abstract: Crankshaft seal for an internal combustion engine, comprising a die cast metal carrier (1) with a lipped ring of polymeric material which is fastened to the carrier by means of a support piece (2) of sheet metal. The support piece (2) is defined by a radially outwardly projecting flange section (2.1), the flange section (2.1) being held in an axially open recess (1.1) of the carrier (1) and being provided on the side facing axially away from the carrier (1) with at least one axially protruding sealing lip (3.1,3.2).