Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions of matter comprising free radical adducts of a fullerene with one or more saturated hydrocarbons having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 200 to about ten million. Attachment of saturated hydrocarbons to as many as fourteen sites on the fullerene surface can be achieved via free radical initiated reactions. Fullerenes also add to saturated hydrocarbons with functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxy, and carboalkoxy radicals in the presence of a free radical initiator. Said radical adducts of substantially saturated hydrocarbons with fullerenes react further with alkylamines and polyamines to produce new compositions. The radical adducts, and their aminated derivatives are useful as dispersants and viscosity modifiers in lubricants.

Abstract: A quantitative method including separating a mixture of olefins, aromatics, and saturates by supercritical fluid chromatography to obtain an eluent stream that over a first time period contains a mixture of olefins and saturates, and over a second time period contains aromatics, and passing the eluent first to an ultraviolet absorption detector (UV). Importantly, the eluent is irradiated in the UV detector at a wavelength capable of producing an ultraviolet absorbance response of olefins that is independent of specific olefins present, and preferably is substantially similar to a mass detector response for olefins. From a combination of UV and mass response, the mass of the olefins in the mixture of olefins and saturates can be determined. Thereafter, the eluent is passed to a mass detector whereby the mass of the mixture of saturates and olefins is determined and then the mass of the aromatics is determined.