Abstract: A testing and/or inspection device for determining the resistance of objects to abrasion, impacts and/or scratches, including an adaptive retaining device for the object to be inspected, at least one means for placing an active test object proximate to the object to be inspected, and a device for moving the active test object hitting the object to be inspected, as well as a control, inspection and/or display device for controlling and/or inspecting the speed and force at which the active test object contacts the object to be inspected. The device moves the active test object against, on and/or along the object to be inspected, with a carrier device for the active test object, which may be loaded with a weight, and is equipped with a fluid-activated drive, with a non-rotatable thrusting and/or towing device, which is actuated by a control and/or regulating unit and/or can be connected thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for examining an object, particularly in terms of the surface morphology thereof. Said apparatus comprises a transportable housing which can be placed, especially by hand, above the surface segment of the object that is to be examined, and at least three light sources, the optical beam axes of which extend at a slanted angle of incidence relative to the surface segment that is to be examined. The light sources are disposed inside the housing and can illuminate the surface segment that is to be examined through an illumination aperture in the housing. The apparatus further comprises at least one light sensor for detecting the light reflected on the surface segment that is to be examined and a control and evaluation unit which is connected to the light sources and the light sensor. The light sources are arranged such that the optical beam axes thereof extend on different, non-parallel reference planes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for examining an object, particularly in terms of the surface morphology thereof. Said apparatus comprises a transportable housing which can be placed, especially by hand, above the surface segment of the object that is to be examined, and at least three light sources, the optical beam axes of which extend at a slanted angle of incidence relative to the surface segment that is to be examined. The light sources are disposed inside the housing and can illuminate the surface segment that is to be examined through an illumination aperture in the housing. The apparatus further comprises at least one light sensor for detecting the light reflected on the surface segment that is to be examined and a control and evaluation unit which is connected to the light sources and the light sensor. The light sources are arranged such that the optical beam axes thereof extend on different, non-parallel reference planes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optically examining an object in a contactless manner, in which light successively impinges upon the surface of an object being examined. The different sources of light strike the object surface at different angles of incidence and reflect off the surface and are then able to be measured by an image sensor which produces a plurality of image data sets having different contents. In this way, a first image data set is produced with the incident light from which form-independent or non-topographical characteristics, such as color errors, can be derived. Form-dependent or topographical characteristics, such as scratches, are derived from a second image data set formed with glancing light or oblique light. Before the form characteristics are derived from the first image data set, it is essential that the distorting influences of form-independent characteristics are eliminated from the first image data set via the second image data set.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optically examining an object in a contactless manner, in which light successively impinges upon the surface of an object being examined. The different sources of light strike the object surface at different angles of incidence and reflect off the surface and are then able to be measured by an image sensor which produces a plurality of image data sets having different contents. In this way, a first image data set is produced with the incident light from which form-independent or non-topographical characteristics, such as color errors, can be derived. Form-dependent or topographical characteristics, such as scratches, are derived from a second image data set formed with glancing light or oblique light. Before the form characteristics are derived from the first image data set, it is essential that the distorting influences of form-independent characteristics are eliminated from the first image data set via the second image data set.

Abstract: In a stator-excited synchronous machine with laminated sector stator elements (SS1 or SS2), which are arranged one behind another at an axial distance and are winding-excited by in each case one excitation winding part (EW1 or EW2) of opposite polarity, the operating efficiency can be increased with low outlay when a permanent magnet arrangement (M) having a magnetization opposing the winding excitation in the sector stator elements is provided in the axial spacing chamber between the sector stator elements (SS1 or SS2); in order to lock the position of the magnet arrangement (M), the facing laminations of the magnet arrangement (M) have bent-away tongues (Z) gripping radially from below.

Abstract: A motor and/or generator functioning according to the reluctance principle, has stator sectors distributed over the circumference of the rotor, each with radially projecting pole shanks around which a concentrated exciter coil part is wrapped. The pole shanks are connected by a short-circuit yoke, in that the pole shanks are laterally offset at an angle relative to the radial center line of symmetry of the stator sector in question. This allows a significant reduction in the structural size, while guaranteeing the operational effectiveness.