Abstract: A method for obstacle detection for a rail vehicle includes determining a monitoring region in front of the vehicle based on position and course of a track which the vehicle travels and position and dimensions of a monitoring profile of the vehicle. During the determination, sensor data for determining position and orientation of the vehicle are captured and position and course of the track which the vehicle travels are determined based on alignment of the determined position and orientation of the vehicle with digital map data. Objects in the vehicle environment are captured by sensors of the vehicle. Which objects are potential collision obstacles is determined by checking whether and to what extent they overlap with the monitoring region. A reaction to the objects categorized as potential obstacles is determined based on geometric and kinetic attributes of the objects. An obstacle detection device and a vehicle are also provided.

Abstract: Carrier resin for pigment pastes, and its preparation and useThe invention relates to paste resins based on epoxide compounds, containing (a) specific quaternary ammonium groups, (b) OH groups and (c) isocyanate radicals which are bonded to the epoxy compound and of which at least 10 mol % are derived from a long-chain, monofunctional isocyanate having at least 8 carbon atoms, the average molecular weight (Mn) of these paste resins being 500 to 10,000. The invention furthermore relates to the preparation of these paste resins, to their use for pigment pastes and to these pigment pastes. Water-dilutable paints, in particular electrocoating paints which contain the pigment pastes according to the invention, give trouble-free surfaces and comparable film thicknesses, even on different substrates.

Abstract: Carrier resin for pigment pastes, preparation and use thereof The invention relates to paste resins comprising (a) quaternary ammonium groups, (b) hydroxyl groups, (c) urethane radicals and (d) groups of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 independently of one another represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and X denotes hydroxyl or a urethane radical, the average molecular weight (Mn) of these paste resins being 500 to 10,000.The invention further relates to the preparation of these paste resins, their use for pigment pastes as well as these pigment pastes. Water-thinnable paints, especially electrocoating paints which comprise the pigment pastes according to the invention, furnish, from a variety of substrates, surfaces free from defects and comparable film thicknesses.