Abstract: The invention relates to optical brighteners that possess at least one free SO3H group and their use for whitening materials containing cellulose.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a process for preparing novel heterodisperse chelating resins having chelating functional groups, and their use for adsorbing metal compounds, in particular alkaline earth metals, heavy metal compounds and precious metal compounds, and also for extracting alkaline earth metals from saline solutions derived from alkali metal chloride electrolysis, and also in hydrometallurgy.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment preparations containing a) at least one pigment, b) at least one condensation product based on A) suphonated aromatics, B) aldehydes and/or ketones and optionally C) one or several compounds selected from the group of non sulphonated aromatics, urea and urea derivatives, and c) at least one polyether polyol with a boiling point of above 150° C., at normal pressure. The inventive preparations are highly suitable for pigmenting natural or synthetic materials.

Abstract: A method of cleaning surfaces made of glass, graphite, ceramics, polymeric and metallic materials, synthetic and vegetable fibres, e.g. fabrics, textiles or waste paper, in particular membrane surfaces, by detaching or dissolving organic and inorganic soilings by a simple flushing operation, where a solution of an iminocarboxylic acid, a polyamino acid, an emulsifier or a mixture thereof is used.

Abstract: Process for preparing formulations comprising dyes and/or brighteners which possess at least one free SO3H and/or COOH group, characterized in that an aqueous suspension comprising

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing crosslinked ion exchangers with a homogeneous network structure based on unsaturated aliphatic nitrites in the presence of film-forming protective colloids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing formulations comprising dyes and/or brighteners which possess at least one free SO3H and/or COOH group, in which an aqueous suspension comprising a) dyes and/or brighteners which possess at least one free SO3H and/or COOH group and b) inorganic synthesis salts is desalinated using a microfiltration membrane having pore diameters of from 0.05 to 40 &mgr;m.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyaspartic acids and their mixtures with surfactants and emulsifiers for inhibiting or delaying deposit formation by sparingly soluble organic and inorganic components in the feed of a process that uses a membrane.

Abstract: The new disazo dyestuffs of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the substituents and the indices have the meanings given in the description,wherein more than 25 equivalent % of all the M cations in the molecule are alcohol ammonium radicals of the formula .sup..sym. NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 whereinR.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another represent hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl,are excellently suitable for dyeing cellulose-containing materials, and in particular paper, and are distinguished by high degrees of fastness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for desalting aqueous suspensions containing an organic diazonium compound and electrolytes containing Na ions, in which the aqueous suspension is passed through a semipermeable membrane.

Abstract: A process for preparing low-salt preparations of condensation products based onA) sulphonated aromatics,B) aldehydes and/or ketones and optionallyC) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of nonsulphonated aromatics, urea and urea derivatives,characterized in that inorganic acid present after the condensation is separated off in whole or in part from the condensation product, optionally in the form of its salts after neutralization, until the inorganic salt content is less than 10% by weight, relative to the preparation, leads to preparations which are outstandingly suitable as tanning agents, dispersants and liquefiers.

Abstract: The novel process for working up solutions or suspensions of organic synthesis products having a pH value of <3, preferably <1, is carried out with the aid of an asymmetrical, semipermeable membrane composed of cyclic polyureas with repeating structural units of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, X and Y and the index n are each as defined in the description.