Abstract: A method of membrane filtration of a liquid and an apparatus for carrying out such a method, the apparatus comprising at least two support members including a first and a last support member of porous material arranged in series each support member including a plurality of liquid flow passageways therethrough, whereby liquid flow from the inlet means to the outlet means is possible; inlet means for admitting a liquid to be filtered to the first support member; outlet means for withdrawing a concentrate from the last support member; a semipermeable membrane covering all surfaces of the support members in contact with the liquid; means for providing that flow of liquid from one support means to the next is only via the passageways; and means associated with each support member for withdrawing permeate from therewithin.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heat-fixing a heat-fixable material to a carrier in which process the heat is generated by contact between the side of the carrier face from the material and a friction element during relative motion of the carrier and the element. The apparatus includes a friction roller or belt around which the carrier is partly wrapped and which can be rotated relative to the carrier by a driving motor. The roller may comprise a material or low heat conductivity having a thin wall with the interior being filled with insulating material. The apparatus also may include a probe for measuring the temperature of the carrier material in or immediately after contact with the friction element.

Abstract: Electrophotographic copying apparatus is disclosed including electrically heatable contact fixing means for fixing an electrophotographically produced toner image on an image carrier. The fixing means includes an electroconductive fixing layer mounted in insulated relation upon a continuously moving web which, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a cylindrical member. Heating electrical energy is supplied to said electroconductive fixing layer via contact cap means which are mounted on the ends of the cylinder member and which engage the free edges of the electroconductive layer throughout the length thereof, respectively, and stationary sintered bearing means that are electrically connectd both with the contact means and with the source of electrical energy.

Abstract: A process for mixing enriched dry developer with depleted dry developer in an electrophotographic copying system which includes the steps of conveying a dry developer mixture from a reservoir to a developing station, returning a substantial portion of the developer mixture removed from the reservoir to the reservoir before it reaches the developing zone and mixing it with depleted developer mixture from the developing station. An apparatus for accomplishing the process including at least one endless conveyor belt on which plates are positioned at intervals along its length projecting outwardly and mounted at right angles to the center line thereof and at least one pair of rollers upon which the belt is mounted. This apparatus also may include a cover plate for a portion of the belt. The belt may have internal serrations and be composed of soft elastic material.