Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure provides a bus bar as a winding in a core of a transformer includes multiple sub-bars arranged horizontally and connected in parallel so as to minimize an AC current in the transformer, and the sub-bars have different widths and thus resistances or impedances with respect to a current flowing through the sub-bars are the same. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of designing a bus bar for resistance or impedance matching between multiple sub-bars included in the bus bar to share a current to minimize an AC current in the transformer. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a transformer, for a DC-DC converter for use in a vehicle, which is manufactured by the method of designing a bus bar.

Abstract: An apparatus of verifying a software integrity of a vehicle controller and a method thereof includes a communication device that provides a communication interface with a software management system, and a controller which is configured to obtain first verification data of the vehicle controller from the software management system, obtains second verification data from the vehicle controller, and verifies an integrity of software loaded in the vehicle controller based on the obtained first verification data and the obtained second verification data.

Abstract: A method of controlling air conditioning for occupants through seating detection includes: determining whether an entire air conditioning condition is satisfied when an air conditioner is operated and performing air conditioning for the entire vehicle when the entire air conditioning condition is satisfied; detecting whether an occupant is seated on a rear seat and performing air conditioning for the entire vehicle when it is determined that the occupant is seated on the rear seat; detecting whether the occupant is seated on a front occupant seat when it is determined that the occupant is not seated on the rear seat; determining a heat load condition by comparing an outdoor air temperature and an interior temperature; and performing air conditioning control in consideration of whether the occupant is seated on the front occupant seat and the heat load condition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polishing pad, which may maintain polishing performances required for a polishing process, such as a removal rate and a polishing profile, minimize defects that may occur on a wafer during the polishing process, and polish layers of different materials so as to have the same level of flatness even when the layers are polished at the same time, and a method for producing the polishing pad. In addition, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to determine a polishing pad, which shows an optimal removal rate selectivity along with excellent performance in a CMP process, through the physical property values of the polishing pad without a direct polishing test.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus includes a chamber having a treating space therein; a supply line having a first open/close valve installed thereon and configured to supply a treating fluid to the treating space; a heater installed on the supply line and configured to heat the treating fluid; an exhaust line having a second open/close valve installed thereon and configured to exhaust the treating space; and, a controller configured to control the first open/close value and the second open/close valve such that the treating fluid heated is supplied to and exhausted from the treating space before a treating process is performed on a substrate in the treating space.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polishing pad for use in a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process of semiconductors, a process for preparing the same, and a process for preparing a semiconductor device using the same. In the polishing pad according to the embodiment, the size (or diameter) and distribution of a plurality of pores are adjusted, whereby the polishing performance such as polishing rate and within-wafer non-uniformity can be further enhanced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating a substrate are provided. The apparatus includes at least one first process chamber configured to supply a developer onto the substrate; at least one second process chamber configured to treat the substrate using a supercritical fluid; a transfer chamber configured to transfer the substrate from the at least one first process chamber to the at least one second process chamber, while the developer supplied in the at least one first process chamber remains on the substrate; and a temperature and humidity control system configured to manage temperature and humidity of the transfer chamber by supplying a first gas of constant temperature and humidity into the transfer chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the composition and process for the production of an ultra-strong, biocompatible, electroconductive, and stretchable hydrogel, which comprises: a step (a) of physical or chemical modification of natural polymers e.g., preparation of silk nanofiber and double methacrylation of gelatin; a step (b) of graphene oxide (GO) carboxylation; a step (c) of carbodiimidation between methacrylated natural polymers of step (a) and carboxylated GO of step (b); and a step (d) of three dimensional (3D) bioprinting of step (c) with/without silk nanofiber. It was found that these steps in this disclosure give rise to a biocompatible hydrogel with high mechanical strength in the range of load-bearing soft tissue such as tendon and heart as opposed to conventional hydrogels.

Abstract: A bone conduction-using headset: a pair of main bodies (200), a pair of unit bodies (220); a pair of suspenders (210), each of the suspenders having a shape of letter “U”; and a connector (240) connected to the main bodies (200) wherein: each of the main bodies extends downward at a rear side R of the ear E of the user P, has a length longer in a longitudinal direction thereof than in a transverse direction thereof; the connector (240) is connected to and extends from ends of the main bodies (200) toward a rear side of a neck N of the user P at a wearing inclination angle a with respect to a longitudinal axis C of the main body (200); and an inner circumference part R of the connector (240) is located around the rear side of the neck N of the user P.

Abstract: A compound is represented by Formula 1 below: wherein R1 to R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a fluoro-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, wherein at least one among R1 to R4 is a fluorine atom, A is a divalent linking group, M1 and M2 are each independently potassium or sodium, and n and m are each independently an integer of 1 to 10.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed herein relates to a treatment device using a magnetic field, which includes a coil generating a pulse magnetic field and a plurality of cooling structures. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a treatment device using a magnetic field includes: a magnetic field generating coil disposed below a close contact surface that closely contacts a portion of a body; a first blower and a second blower disposed symmetrically with respect to the magnetic field generating coil to supply a fluid toward the magnetic field generating coil; and a duct that provides a seated surface on which the magnetic field generating coil is seated and guides the fluid supplied from the first blower and the second blower toward the magnetic field generating coil, and the duct includes an opening formed by opening at least a portion of an area forming the seated surface.

Abstract: A bone conduction apparatus according to the present invention includes: a decoding unit decoding audio data; a digital-to-analog converter converting the decoded audio data to an analog signal, and outputting an analog audio signal; a bone conduction unit converting the analog audio signal to a bone conduction signal, and outputting the bone conduction signal; a metal electrode placed at an outside of a housing in which the bone conduction unit is provided; a frequency generator generating a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) signal; and a TENS signal amplification unit amplifying the TENS signal, and applying the resulting signal to the metal electrode.

Abstract: A bone conduction-using headset: a pair of main bodies (200), a pair of unit bodies (220); a pair of suspenders (210), each of the suspenders having a shape of letter “U”; and a connector (240) connected to the main bodies (200) wherein: each of the main bodies extends downward at a rear side R of the ear E of the user P, has a length longer in a longitudinal direction thereof than in a transverse direction thereof; the connector (240) is connected to and extends from ends of the main bodies (200) toward a rear side of a neck N of the user P at a wearing inclination angle a with respect to a longitudinal axis C of the main body (200); and an inner circumference part R of the connector (240) is located around the rear side of the neck N of the user P.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling volume of a true wireless stereo bluetooth earphone including a pair of left and right touch switches, the method including recognizing a user's touch during media playback or a phone call; determining whether the touch is a shorter touch or a longer touch than a configuration time; increasing the volume by one increment while entering a volume-up mode when the touch is a short touch, according to the determining; determining whether there is an additional short touch within the configuration time; returning to the increasing of the volume by one increment each time there is an additional short touch, according to the determining; returning to checking whether a first volume control mode is entered by existing the volume-up mode when there is no touch for the configuration time; and several additional determining.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cooling block for a battery module includes preparing a first cooling block and a second cooling block. The first cooling block is configured to be in contact with battery modules on a first side thereof. The second cooling block is configured to be bonded to a second side of the first cooling block and forms a cooling channel, through which cooling water can flow, at an interface with the second side of the first cooling block. The second cooling block is disposed and fixed on the second side of the prepared first cooling block with a jig. The fixed first cooling block and second cooling block are bonded by heating and welding the first and second cooling blocks. Only the second cooling block is selectively quenched.

Abstract: The polymer electrolyte membrane includes: a first ion conductive polymer layer; and a second ion conductive polymer layer disposed on at least one surface of the first ion conductive polymer layer, wherein the first ion conductive polymer layer comprises a first ion conductive polymer comprising a sulfonic acid group, wherein the second ion conductive polymer layer comprises a second ion conductive polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group, and wherein a thickness of the second ion conductive polymer layer is in a range of 1% to 80% of a thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane. Further, disclosed are the method for preparing the same, the membrane-electrode assembly including the same, and the fuel cell including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a conjugated diene-based polymer, characterized in using a dimer acid saponified material as an emulsifier in a polymerization initiation step and injecting a monomer and the emulsifier in three or more installments after initiating polymerization, and the conjugated diene-based polymer prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has excellent physical properties such as impact strength and reflection haze.

Abstract: A method of reducing a temperature inside a vehicle includes: when a current time is the same as a setting time of a vehicle after the vehicle is turned off, measuring, by a controller, a temperature outside the vehicle based on an output signal of an outside air temperature sensor of the vehicle; and discharging, by the controller, air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle by receiving power from a battery of the vehicle and operating a blower motor, which drives a blower, based on an operation time of the blower motor according to the temperature outside the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a diene-based rubber polymer, which includes: adding each of a diene-based monomer, a molecular-weight regulator, an initiator, and an emulsifier to a reactor a first time and carrying out polymerization; adding a molecular-weight regulator to the reactor a second time when a polymerization conversion rate of 48 to 72% is reached and carrying out polymerization; adding a diene-based monomer to the reactor a second time when a polymerization conversion rate of 63 to 77% is reached and carrying out polymerization; adding each of an initiator and an emulsifier to the reactor a second time when a polymerization conversion rate of 68 to 81% is reached and carrying out polymerization; and adding each of an initiator and an emulsifier to the reactor a third time when a polymerization conversion rate of 85 to 91% is reached and carrying out polymerization.