Abstract: A thin film solar cell includes a first substrate, a transparent conductive layer on an inner surface of the first substrate, the transparent conductive layer having an uneven top surface and including through-holes, a light-absorbing layer on the transparent conductive layer, a reflection electrode on the light-absorbing layer, a second substrate facing and attached with the first substrate, and a polymeric material layer on an inner surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film solar cell includes steps of preparing a substrate on which unit cells are defined, forming transparent conducive layers on the substrate and corresponding to the unit cells, respectively, the transparent conductive layers spaced apart from each other with a first separation line therebetween, forming light-absorbing layers on the transparent conductive layers and corresponding to the unit cells, respectively, the light-absorbing layers spaced apart from each other with a second separation line therebetween, forming a third separation line in each of the light-absorbing layers, the third separation line spaced apart from the second separation line, forming a reflection material layer by disposing a silk screen over the third separation line and applying a conductive paste, and forming reflection electrodes corresponding to the unit cells, respectively, by sintering the reflection material layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell includes forming a transparent conductive layer on a substrate by depositing a transparent conductive oxide under room temperature, crystallizing the transparent conductive layer by irradiating a laser beam to the transparent conductive layer using a first laser; selectively etching the crystallized transparent conductive layer to form embossed and depressed patterns at a surface of the transparent conductive layer; forming transparent electrodes in unit cells by patterning the transparent conductive layer having the embossed and depressed patterns; forming a p-n junction semiconductor layer on the transparent electrodes and patterning the p-n junction semiconductor layer; and forming rear electrodes on the patterned p-n junction semiconductor layer by forming a metallic material layer and patterning the metallic material layer, the rear electrodes corresponding to the unit cells.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell includes forming a transparent conductive layer on a substrate by depositing a transparent conductive oxide under room temperature, crystallizing the transparent conductive layer by irradiating a laser beam to the transparent conductive layer using a first laser; selectively etching the crystallized transparent conductive layer to form embossed and depressed patterns at a surface of the transparent conductive layer; forming transparent electrodes in unit cells by patterning the transparent conductive layer having the embossed and depressed patterns; forming a p-n junction semiconductor layer on the transparent electrodes and patterning the p-n junction semiconductor layer; and forming rear electrodes on the patterned p-n junction semiconductor layer by forming a metallic material layer and patterning the metallic material layer, the rear electrodes corresponding to the unit cells.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film solar cell includes steps of preparing a substrate on which unit cells are defined, forming transparent conducive layers on the substrate and corresponding to the unit cells, respectively, the transparent conductive layers spaced apart from each other with a first separation line therebetween, forming light-absorbing layers on the transparent conductive layers and corresponding to the unit cells, respectively, the light-absorbing layers spaced apart from each other with a second separation line therebetween, forming a third separation line in each of the light-absorbing layers, the third separation line spaced apart from the second separation line, forming a reflection material layer by disposing a silk screen over the third separation line and applying a conductive paste, and forming reflection electrodes corresponding to the unit cells, respectively, by sintering the reflection material layer.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell includes a first substrate, a transparent conductive layer on an inner surface of the first substrate, the transparent conductive layer having an uneven top surface and including through-holes, a light-absorbing layer on the transparent conductive layer, a reflection electrode on the light-absorbing layer, a second substrate facing and attached with the first substrate, and a polymeric material layer on an inner surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an assembled electromotive curtain for easy installation, simple manipulation, and convenient maintenance. The assembled electromotive curtain allows an opening and closing of the curtain along a rail, and includes a main controller provided with a motor and a control circuit, and a wire driving part received within and fixed by the rail, for transferring a curtain transferring wire using a rotational force of a rotational shaft of a motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an assembled electromotive curtain for easy installation, simple manipulation, and convenient maintenance. The assembled electromotive curtain allows an opening and closing of the curtain along a rail, and includes a main controller provided with a motor and a control circuit, and a wire driving part received within and fixed by the rail, for transferring a curtain transferring wire using a rotational force of a rotational shaft of a motor.

Abstract: A multi-functional apparatus for determining the class of a vehicle that can be used in a toll road collecting system. The apparatus for determining vehicle class according to the present invention includes a vehicle sensor, a vehicle separator installed along both sides of the lane, an axle detector using four switch contacts, a camera installed above the axle detector for photographing the vehicle as a reference image and photographing the vehicle when a first axle of the vehicle is sensed by the axle detector, and a vehicle class determiner that calculates the width and the length of the vehicle by using the difference value between the reference image and the vehicle image, determines the number of axles, and thus determines the class of the vehicle. This multi-functional apparatus not only determines the class of a vehicle, but because it uses photographic images to determine the length and width of a vehicle, it also generates evidence that can be used at a future date.

Abstract: A communication processing device in a booth computer of a toll collecting system includes a communication firmware portion for transmitting data to and receiving data from a predetermined number of lane controllers which control equipments installed respectively in toll collection lanes and detecting and correcting errors in communication, a lane controller interface for analyzing the data transmitted from the communication firmware portion, distributing the data to various processing devices in the booth computer, and transmitting predetermined commands and data from the processing devices in the booth computer to the lane controllers through the communication firmware portion, a lower interface operating state managing portion for receiving commands on a communication operation from a user, controlling a communication state, and providing the result to the user, and a booth controller interface for transmitting to a booth controller initializing data representing the state of each lane, booth control data

Abstract: A toll collecting system having a lock-type management for toll collection of vehicles in a toll road such as an express way. The mixed lock-type toll collecting system includes an on-board unit installed in a vehicle which enters an entrance gate and exits an exit gate of the toll road, for toll collection by radio communication; an entrance lane device installed at the entrance gate for transmitting entrance information to the vehicle which enters the entrance gate; an exit lane device installed at the exit gate for collecting the toll from the vehicle which exits the exit gate; and a central control device for controlling the entrance lane device and the exit lane device for toll collection of the vehicle which enters the entrance gate and exits the exit lane of the toll road. A radio communicator is used to provide entrance information to the vehicle by radio communication at the entrance gate for subsequent toll collection upon exit in case radio communication can be performed.

Abstract: A technique for discriminating a vehicle uses the pressures of tires of a vehicle passing on a pair of contact-point boards, which are converted into digital signals by using shift registers, and measures the width of the tires and the distance between tires, and counts the axles of the vehicle, according to the converted signals. The tire width of a vehicle, the distance between the left and right tires and the number of axles are processed in real time by outputting a digital signal from a contact-point in which a board portion makes contact with a tire of a passing vehicle. Furthermore, even if either one of the contact-point boards for discriminating a vehicle type breaks down, a vehicle can still be discriminated.