Abstract: A method for controlling an electric heater of a vehicular heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes turning on the electric heater; determining whether an ambient air temperature of a vehicle is higher than or equal to a threshold ambient air temperature, and a battery temperature is lower than or equal to a threshold battery temperature; determining whether battery efficiency is lower than or equal to threshold efficiency when the ambient air temperature of the vehicle is higher than or equal to the threshold ambient air temperature, and the battery temperature is lower than or equal to the threshold battery temperature; and turning off the electric heater when the battery efficiency is lower than or equal to the threshold efficiency, wherein the electric heater is configured to receive electric energy from the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is an on-site treatment method of food waste generated from multi-unit dwellings and institutional food service facilities, by transporting wastewater-containing food waste to a separation chamber by use of domestic wastewater or an additional transporter; separating the transported food waste to wastewater and food waste; and treating the separated wastewater in a sewage disposal plant, and the separated food waste using disposal equipment. Such food waste can be treated even using disposal equipment of small capacities, due to separation of wastewater and food waste, compared to disposal equipment of large capacities required for treating wastewater and food waste together. Also, the quality of the separated wastewater is better than the conventional quality of wastewater, and thus loads of the sewage disposal plant can be efficiently decreased.

Abstract: A novel microorganism capable of producing organic acids, Mannheimia sp. 55E, and a process for producing organic acid through anaerobic and aerobic incubation using the novel microorganism are provided. The method of producing an organic acid using the microorganism involves incubating Mannheimia sp. 55E with Accession Number KCTC 0769BP in a medium under anaerobic or aerobic conditions and obtaining an organic acid from the medium. Mannheimia sp. 55E produces succinic acid, lactic acid, and formic acid under anaerobic conditions saturated with CO2, and succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid under aerobic or N2 anaerobic conditions. Mannheimia sp. 55E is a facultative anaerobe tolerant of oxygen. Thus, the use of Mannheimia sp. 55E in producing organic acids can eliminate a problem of process instability, which would occur by the presence of oxygen in a fermentation process of producing organic acids using an obligate anaerobic microorganism.

Abstract: Disclosed is an on-site treatment method of food waste generated from multi-unit dwellings and institutional food service facilities, by transporting wastewater-containing food waste to a separation chamber by use of domestic wastewater or an additional transporter; separating the transported food waste to wastewater and food waste; and treating the separated wastewater in a sewage disposal plant, and the separated food waste using disposal equipment. Such food waste can be treated even using disposal equipment of small capacities, due to separation of wastewater and food waste, compared to disposal equipment of large capacities required for treating wastewater and food waste together. Also, the quality of the separated wastewater is better than the conventional quality of wastewater, and thus loads of the sewage disposal plant can be efficiently decreased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing organic acid by high-efficiency fermentation, which comprises the steps of continuous culture of organic acid bacteria and collection of organic acid produced from the culture employing a cell-recycle multiple-stage continuous fermentor with serially connected fermentors, each of which comprises a fermentor containing a ferment container, temperature controller, stirrer, and pH controller; pumps for efflux-circulation of media from the fermentor; and, cell separator for separation and circulation of media from the pumps. According to the present method, the high-concentration lactic acid of 90 g/L can be produced with the high productivity of 50 g/L/h, which can reduce the facility cost and production cost in the bulk manufacturing process.

Abstract: A novel microorganism capable of producing organic acids, Mannheimia sp. 55E, and a process for producing organic acid through anaerobic and aerobic incubation using the novel microorganism are provided. The method of producing an organic acid using the microorganism involves incubating Mannheimia sp. 55E with Accession Number KCTC 0769BP in a medium under anaerobic or aerobic conditions and obtaining an organic acid from the medium. Mannheimia sp. 55E produces succinic acid, lactic acid, and formic acid under anaerobic conditions saturated with CO2, and succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid under aerobic or N2 anaerobic conditions. Mannheimia sp. 55E is a facultative anaerobe tolerant of oxygen. Thus, the use of Mannheimia sp. 55E in producing organic acids can eliminate a problem of process instability, which would occur by the presence of oxygen in a fermentation process of producing organic acids using an obligate anaerobic microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention provides to a method for removing nitrogen and phosphorous in wastewater simultaneously from wastewater by employing fermentation broth obtained by anaerobic fermentation of organic solid wastes. The method for removing nitrogen and phosphorous in wastewater of the invention comprises the steps of subjecting organic waste material to anaerobic fermentation at 30 to 40° C. for 2 to 4 days by using anaerobic sludge to obtain fermentation broth; and, adding the fermentation broth to a sequencing batch reactor with alternating anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic cycles under anaerobic and anoxic conditions in a separate manner. In accordance with the present invention, nitrogen in the influent wastewater can be removed more than 95% in total and phosphorous concentration can be kept below 1 ppm regardless of the concentration of organic materials in the influent wastewater.