Abstract: Apparatus for providing an electrical ground connection through a pipe or conduit system including electrically non-conductive portions. A pipe fitting, preferably although not necessarily made of electrically non-conductive material, is equipped with an electrically conductive member extending within the fitting for intimate contact with a fluid carried by the fitting. A portion of the conductive element extends outside the pipe fitting, for connection to a suitable electrical ground. The conductive element within the fitting thus is at electrical ground potential, and that ground potential is transferred through an electrically conductive fluid medium within the pipe system to any electrically conductive element of the pipe system.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing an electrical ground connection through a pipe or conduit system including electrically non-conductive portions. A pipe fitting, preferably although not necessarily made of electrically non-conductive material, is equipped with an electrically conductive member extending within the fitting for intimate contact with a fluid carried by the fitting. A portion of the conductive element extends outside the pipe fitting, for connection to a suitable electrical ground. The conductive element within the fitting thus is at electrical ground potential, and that ground potential is transferred through an electrically conductive fluid medium within the pipe system to any electrically conductive element of the pipe system.

Abstract: Apparatus for attachment to watt-hour meter apparatus of the type commonly used to measure electrical power consumption, to prevent from being misinstalled so as to run the meter backwards. A first obstruction member or members are provided within the box which receives the watt-hour meter, and a second obstruction member is secured to the meter. These obstructions are asymmetrically disposed with respect to mating electrical contacts on the meter and within the meter box, so that the obstructions on the meter and in the meter box confront one another and prevent the meter from being installed in an inverted position which causes the meter to run backwards.