Abstract: A computer-implemented method for generating a digital model of an individual intraoral component from a digital model of a patient's dentition obtains a 3-D digital mesh model of the patient's dentition and performs automatic tooth component segmentation operation on the obtained mesh model. Automated segmentation results display. Interactive segmentation of the automated segmentation results is performed according to an operator instruction. Segmentation results are displayed and stored.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for generating one or more segmented 3-D teeth models obtains a 3-D mesh model of a patient's dentition and executes a first segmentation procedure on the obtained 3-D mesh model, displaying one or more segmented teeth from the 3-D mesh model. At least one of the one or more segmented teeth is recorded according to operator instruction and removed from the 3-D mesh model to form a modified 3-D mesh model. A repeating sequence identifies a modified segmentation procedure, executes the modified segmentation procedure on the modified 3-D mesh model, displays one or more segmented teeth from the modified 3-D mesh model, records at least one of the one or more segmented teeth, and removes the recorded at least one tooth from the modified 3-D mesh model. Recorded segmentation results are displayed, stored, or transmitted.

Abstract: A method for forming a surgical guide for a dental patient rotates material about a rotation axis to a first angular position and drills a drill guiding hole using a drilling tool having a drilling tool axis. The drill guiding hole is centered about a guide axis that is orthogonal to the rotation axis. A first planar surface of the guide is formed from the material, wherein the first surface is. oblique to the guide axis. The material is repositioned to orient the first surface orthogonal to the drilling tool. A hole pattern is formed having two or more positioning holes in the first surface, with the pattern corresponding to a pin pattern in a tray that is positionally registered to a dental arch of the patient. A second planar surface of the surgical guide is formed, parallel to the first planar surface.

Abstract: An extra-oral imaging apparatus can obtain a 3D volume image of a portion of a head of a patient. Exemplary dental apparatus and/or method embodiments can provide 3D mesh models of surfaces of the maxillary dental arch and the mandibular dental arch in a 3D volume image obtained from a single extraoral scan of physical casts of the maxillary dental arch and the mandibular dental arch in an occlusal relationship. In one exemplary embodiment, a first 3D mesh model of surfaces of the maxillary dental arch model and a second 3D mesh model of surfaces of the mandibular dental arch model are generated. Then, contact areas where the first 3D mesh model and the second 3D mesh model intersect are removed to separate the first and second mesh models. In another exemplary embodiment, the first 3D mesh model and the second 3D mesh model can be aligned.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a gas-filled triple glazing, including: a pre-assembly during which three sheets of glass are positioned beside one another, at least one of the sheets of glass including a spacer, each sheet of glass being positioned inclined by an angle between 0° and 10° with respect to an adjacent sheet of glass, to form two cavities, each of the cavities being between two adjacent sheets of glass; filling the two cavities by injecting gas into the two cavities at a same time using nozzles; pressing the sheets of glass against one another to seal the triple glazing. The method allows triple glazing to be manufactured quickly.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for generating a digital model of an individual intraoral component from a digital model of a patient's dentition obtains a 3-D digital mesh model of the patient's dentition and performs automatic tooth component segmentation operation on the obtained mesh model. Automated segmentation results display. Interactive segmentation of the automated segmentation results is performed according to an operator instruction. Segmentation results are displayed and stored.

Abstract: A method or computer program for forming a digital model of a patient's teeth. The method includes the steps of: obtaining a plurality of projection images acquired by scanning a negative impression of the patient's teeth using a computed tomographic imaging apparatus; generating, from the plurality of projection images, an air volume model of the air that surrounds the negative impression; defining a transition surface along edges of the air volume model that touch the negative impression; forming the digital model of the patient's teeth according to the defined transition surface; and displaying, storing, or transmitting at least a portion of the digital model of the teeth.

Abstract: A method for forming a surgical guide for a dental patient rotates material about a rotation axis to a first angular position and drills a drill guiding hole using a drilling tool having a drilling tool axis. The drill guiding hole is centered about a guide axis that is orthogonal to the rotation axis. A first planar surface of the guide is formed from the material, wherein the first surface is. oblique to the guide axis. The material is repositioned to orient the first surface orthogonal to the drilling tool. A hole pattern is formed having two or more positioning holes in the first surface, with the pattern corresponding to a pin pattern in a tray that is positionally registered to a dental arch of the patient. A second planar surface of the surgical guide is formed, parallel to the first planar surface.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a gas-filled multiple glazing unit including at least two glass sheets, the process including a preassembly step in which each glass sheet is positioned inclined at an angle strictly greater than 0° and less than or equal to 10° to the adjacent glass sheet, so as to form at least one cavity, each cavity being completely closed on one of its sides; a step of partially blocking at least one of the sides of each cavity; a step of filling each cavity with gas via an injection side of the cavity; and a step of pressing the glass sheets. One or more cavities of a multiple glazing unit can be filled while reducing the amount of gas used and the filling times.

Abstract: A spacer for an insulating glazing unit, the spacer including a longitudinal body including two longitudinal sides and two membranes or membrane parts, each membrane or membrane part configured to be secured to a glass sheet of the insulating glazing unit, and each membrane or membrane part configured to be articulated to the body about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body between a position in which the membrane or membrane part lies against a longitudinal side of the body and a position in which the membrane or membrane part is at least partially moved apart from the longitudinal side of the body. The spacer allows the size of the insulating glazing unit not to be restricted while ensuring a bead for example of butyl of the insulating glazing unit can withstand high climatic loads without being damaged.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a gas-filled triple glazing, including: a pre-assembly during which three sheets of glass are positioned beside one another, at least one of the sheets of glass including a spacer, each sheet of glass being positioned inclined by an angle between 0° and 10° with respect to an adjacent sheet of glass, to form two cavities, each of the cavities being between two adjacent sheets of glass; filling the two cavities by injecting gas into the two cavities at a same time using nozzles; pressing the sheets of glass against one another to seal the triple glazing. The method allows triple glazing to be manufactured quickly.

Abstract: This invention concerns an electrochromic pane comprising a principal functional film constituted of a material which, under the effect of an electric current, is capable of reversibly inserting cations and which has characteristics of coloration and/or transmission in certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that differ for its inserted and deinserted states. Said principal functional film has a quasi-columnar structure, with axes of growth of the columns parallel to straight lines contained within a dihedron, the opening of which is less than 20.degree., and the bisector plane of which makes an acute angle with the substrate.

Abstract: An electrochromic system comprising a layer of anode electrochromic material with all iridium oxide bass formatted by intensiostatic cycling in a liquid medium comprising a salt of a cation, excluding the proton, that can be inserted in said anode electrochromic material of an alkaline metal.

Abstract: An electrochromic cell, connected to an electrical reference element equivalent to an element of the electrochromic cell of zero surface dimensions and zero electrolyte thickness, connected in series with a resistance R.sub.i identical to the ion resistance of the electrochromic cell (reduced to a same zero surface), a potential difference applied by a generator, in coloration and decoloration respectively, being such that the voltage at the terminals of the reference element is kept at a value below a coloration reference voltage or decoloration reference voltage respectively.

Abstract: An electrochromic system for controlling the color state of an electrochromic pane. The charge needed to obtain the desired color is determined from the discharge potential of the system and the coloration set-point. An integrator measures the charge passing through the system and compares it to the charge to be transferred. This charge is measured by a differential amplifier which compares a discharge potential measured by a capacitor with a selected color set-point.