Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate with a marking thereon. A part of the substrate has a two-dimensional structure attached thereto, and a part of the marking is present on the structure and the other part of the marking is present on the substrate itself.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate with a marking thereon. A part of the substrate has a two-dimensional structure attached thereto, and a part of the marking is present on the structure and the other part of the marking is present on the substrate itself.

Abstract: A method for measuring optical properties of an optically variable marking applied on an object, the method including the steps of illuminating the optically variable marking so as to form a first light reflected by the marking at a first view angle and a second light reflected by the marking at a second view angle, the first and second lights having different spectral compositions as a result of the optically variable marking, refracting the second reflected light through a optical unit so as to redirect the second reflected light toward an optical sensor, capturing the first light and the second refracted light with the optical sensor simultaneously; and determining optical properties of the optical variable marking based on the captured first and second lights.

Abstract: A tamperproof case for a genuine article which comprises a space for accommodating the article between first and second sheet members which are capable of being permanently bonded together in at least the area that substantially completely surrounds the space. At least one of the first and second sheet members comprises at least one security element that is invisible under light in the visible wavelength range. This abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A method for measuring optical properties of an optically variable marking applied on an object, the method including the steps of illuminating the optically variable marking so as to form a first light reflected by the marking at a first view angle and a second light reflected by the marking at a second view angle, the first and second lights having different spectral compositions as a result of the optically variable marking, refracting the second reflected light through a optical unit so as to redirect the second reflected light toward an optical sensor, capturing the first light and the second refracted light with the optical sensor simultaneously; and determining optical properties of the optical variable marking based on the captured first and second lights.