Abstract: An electrode of a chemical cell includes a substrate having a surface, an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate and extending outward from the surface of the substrate, each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections having a semiconductor composition for catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the chemical cell, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed over the array of nanowires, each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles having a metallic composition for the catalytic conversion of CO2 in the chemical cell. Each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles has a size at least an order of magnitude smaller than a lateral dimension of each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections.

Abstract: Silicon slags, which is a by-product of metallic silicon mill during producing metallurgical grade silicon, solar cell grade silicon and Ferro-silicon alloy. are processed according to the invention to small lumps and briquettes, being excellent deoxidizer for cast iron and steel in order to avoid either costly regeneration for the recovering of the valuable components or the total dumping of said silicon slags. The cost of iron and steelmaking can be reduced significantly. As an additional advantage, the particles of silicon slag in molten steel can absorb the tiny oxides from the deoxidizing reaction and purify the molten steel more quickly.

Abstract: This application relates to a treating method for magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOS) or magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) articles. The MOS or MOC article is molded, cured and dried, then the article is treated in water soluble phosphate solution for periods of 0.5 to 90 minutes. When the MOS or MOC article is treated in water soluble phosphate solution, phosphate can penetrate into MOS or MOC article, react with the non-active magnesia remaining in MOS or MOC article to form magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). After such treatment, MOS or MOC phase is bonded by magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), many defects for MOS or MOC article, such as cracks, distortion, chalking, effloresce, poor durability, and so on, can be reduced or eliminated.