Abstract: At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a reservoir computing apparatus and a data processing method. The reservoir computing apparatus includes: a signal input circuit, configured to receive an input signal; a reservoir circuit, including a plurality of reservoir sub-circuits, in which each reservoir sub-circuit includes a mask sub-circuit and a rotating neuron sub-circuit, the mask sub-circuit is configured to perform a first processing on the input signal with a first weight to obtain a first processing result, and the rotating neuron sub-circuit is configured to perform a second processing on the first processing result to obtain a second processing result; and an output layer circuit, configured to multiply a plurality of second processing results by a second weight matrix to obtain a third processing result. The reservoir computing apparatus optimizes operation efficiency and reduces implementation costs.