Abstract: A controlled-release fertilizer including an inside core of water-soluble fertilizer particle and an outer layer coating material, wherein the coating material is a bentonite modified or sodium bentonite modified waterborne polymer; and a preparation method including: weighing the fertilizer core particle and the modified waterborne polymer emulsion according to the amount, preparing a semi-processed coating controlled-release fertilizer by using a coating machine, and placing the semi-processed coating controlled-release fertilizer in an oven for postprocessing to improve the compactness of the film material.

Abstract: Allocating resources in a circuit switched data network, comprising receiving a request for a resource from a device coupled to the circuit switched data network and granting the resource to the requesting device if the resource is available. If the resource is not available, then examining the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; the rate of change in the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; and the time of utilization of the resource by the requesting device, and granting the resource to the requesting device based on the examination of the three factors.

Abstract: Allocating resources in a circuit switched data network, comprising receiving a request for a resource from a device coupled to the circuit switched data network and granting the resource to the requesting device if the resource is available. If the resource is not available, then examining the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; the rate of change in the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; and the time of utilization of the resource by the requesting device, and granting the resource to the requesting device based on the examination of the three factors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide various methods for detecting a spatial division multiple access (SDMA) channel swap. A first SDMA communication channel is assigned to a first user terminal that initially transmits its signal over the first SDMA communication channel. A second SDMA communication channel is assigned to a second user terminal that initially transmits its signal over the second SDMA communication channel. The first user terminal's signal and the second user terminal's signal are analyzed to determine that the first user terminal is transmitting its signal over the second SDMA communication channel and the second user terminal is transmitting its signal over the first SDMA communication channel.

Abstract: Allocating resources in a circuit switched data network, comprising receiving a request for a resource from a device coupled to the circuit switched data network and granting the resource to the requesting device if the resource is available. If the resource is not available, then examining the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; the rate of change in the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; and the time of utilization of the resource by the requesting device, and granting the resource to the requesting device based on the examination of the three factors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide various methods for detecting a spatial division multiple access (SDMA) channel swap. A first SDMA communication channel is assigned to a first user terminal that initially transmits its signal over the first SDMA communication channel. A second SDMA communication channel is assigned to a second user terminal that initially transmits its signal over the second SDMA communication channel. The first user terminal's signal and the second user terminal's signal are analyzed to determine that the first user terminal is transmitting its signal over the second SDMA communication channel and the second user terminal is transmitting its signal over the first SDMA communication channel.

Abstract: Allocating resources in a circuit switched data network, comprising receiving a request for a resource from a device coupled to the circuit switched data network and granting the resource to the requesting device if the resource is available. If the resource is not available, then examining the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; the rate of change in the instantaneous quantity of data to be transmitted by the requesting device; and the time of utilization of the resource by the requesting device, and granting the resource to the requesting device based on the examination of the three factors.