Abstract: This application provides an information transmission method, an apparatus, and a device, which are applicable to the communication field, and are used to feed back information obtained based on channel information of different network devices, so as to improve performance gains and reduce performance loss.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses an information indication method and an apparatus, to resolve a problem that indication precision of an uplink precoding matrix is low. The method includes: receiving a downlink reference signal sent by a network device on a first transmission resource; performing channel estimation based on the downlink reference signal, to obtain a downlink equivalent channel corresponding to the first transmission resource; and determining, based on the downlink equivalent channel, to-be-indicated information corresponding to a terminal device, where the to-be-indicated information indicates an uplink precoding matrix used when a first terminal device sends uplink data on the first transmission resource. The downlink equivalent channel is obtained by performing channel estimation based on the downlink reference signal.

Abstract: A channel measurement method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating channel information, where the channel information indicates one or more receive beam vectors and one or more weighting coefficients, each of the one or more weighting coefficients corresponds to one receive beam vector, the one or more receive beam vectors and the one or more weighting coefficients corresponding to the one or more receive beam vectors are used to determine a channel of at least one frequency domain unit between a terminal device and a network device, the one or more receive beam vectors are selected from a receive beam vector set, and the receive beam vector set is determined based on a predefined base vector set; and sending the channel information.

Abstract: This application discloses a method for sending a demodulation reference signal, a method for receiving a demodulation reference signal, and a communication apparatus. The method for sending a demodulation reference signal includes: A network device generates a first signal and sends the first signal on a first time-frequency resource, where the first signal is formed by superimposing M DMRS port signals, and delay segmentation locations corresponding to at least two of the M DMRS port signals are different. Because the first signal is formed by superposing the M DMRS port signals, that is, the network device sends a plurality of DMRS port signals on a same time-frequency resource, reference signal overheads can be reduced. The network device sends more DMRS port signals on the same time-frequency resource. In this way, the network device can send more streams without increasing pilot overheads.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of communications technologies and provides a quasi co-location indication method and an apparatus, so that a terminal learns of a quasi co-location relationship between a plurality of antenna ports of a first reference signal resource. The method includes: A terminal receives quasi-co-location indication information, where the quasi-co-location indication information is used to indicate M antenna port groups corresponding to a first reference signal resource, each of the M antenna port groups includes one or more CDM groups of the first reference signal resource, the CDM group includes a plurality of antenna ports, and any two antenna ports in a same antenna port group are in a quasi-co-location relationship. Then, the terminal determines a quasi-co-location relationship between a plurality of antenna ports of the first reference signal resource based on the quasi-co-location indication information.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for generating precoding vectors. One method includes: receiving a channel state information (CSI) report, wherein the CSI report indicates a quantity of space-frequency vector pairs to be reported for a quantity of R transport layers, wherein a size of an overhead for indicating the quantity of the space-frequency vector pairs is same when the quantity of R is greater than or equal to 2, wherein each of the space-frequency vector pairs comprises one spatial domain vector and one frequency domain vector, and wherein for each of the R transport layers, one or more frequency domain units associated with the transport layer correspond to one or more precoding vectors, and determining the quantity of space-frequency vector pairs according to the CSI report.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a channel estimation method and apparatus, and relate to the field of communications technologies, to help reduce indication overheads. The method includes: generating and sending indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate M N-dimensional precoding vectors, each precoding vector is applied to one of M frequency bands, the M N-dimensional precoding vectors form a space-frequency matrix, and the space-frequency matrix is generated by performing weighted combination on a plurality of space-frequency component matrices, where the space-frequency matrix is an M×N-dimensional space-frequency vector or an X×Y space-frequency matrix, X and Y are one and the other of M and N, M?1, N?2, and both M and N are integers.

Abstract: This application discloses a channel estimation method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communications technologies, to help reduce indication overheads. The method may include: generating and sending indication information. The indication information is used to indicate K N-dimensional spatial-domain component vectors, L M-dimensional frequency-domain component vectors, and a weight matrix, to indicate to construct an M×N-dimensional spatial-frequency matrix, or an M×N or N×M spatial-frequency matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed are strains capable of reducing heavy metal contents in vegetables and improving quality of vegetables and application thereof. Specifically, the strains are strains W7 and W25, which can reduce heavy metal contents, especially cadmium (Cd) contents, in plants, promote growth of plants, increase Vc and soluble protein contents in plants, and increase a microbial abundance and a urease activity in the soil at the same time, and can be widely applied to the fields of soil improvement, crop biomass increase, and soil heavy metal restoration.

Abstract: A composite material including a covalent organic framework (COF) single crystal having a major axis length of larger than 120 ?m or a COF polycrystal including a plurality of the single crystals, and at least one heat-storage compound. The heat-storage compound is a compound that generates heat or absorbs heat by adsorption to or desorption from the COF single crystal. Also, a heat dissipation/storage member containing the composite material as a heat storage/dissipation material a COF single crystal having a major axis length of larger than 120 ?m, and a method for producing a COF single crystal by crystallizing COF raw material compounds via a solution containing an ionic liquid or an organic salt and an equilibrium adjusting agent to grow a COF single crystal.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for increasing the usage efficiency of a lipase in the enzymatic reaction, belonging to the technical field of food processing. In the present disclosure, the peroxide value of raw materials required for enzymatic synthesis of a structured lipid is reduced by a distillation method or an adsorption method, and then the raw material and a lipase undergo catalytic reaction to synthesize the structured lipid, so as to maintain the activity of the lipase and increase the reuse rate of the enzyme. The distillation method includes deodorization and molecular distillation. The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a structured lipid by a high efficiency and low-cost enzymatic synthesis, addressing to the issues such as large enzyme consumption, expansive cost, low enzyme utilization rate in the traditional industrial production. Therefore, the method provided by the present disclosure has certain development potential and practical significance.

Abstract: This application provides a methods and apparatuses for generating precoding vectors. One method comprises: generating a channel state information (CSI) report, wherein the CSI report indicates a quantity of space-frequency vector pairs to be reported for each of a quantity of R transport layers, wherein a size of an overhead for indicating the quantity of the space-frequency vector pairs is unrelated to the quantity of R, wherein each of the space-frequency vector pairs comprises one spatial domain vector and one frequency domain vector, wherein for each of the R transport layers, one or more frequency domain units associated with the transport layer correspond to one or more precoding vectors, and wherein each of the one or more precoding vectors is constructed by one or more space-frequency vector pairs to be reported for the corresponding transport layer in the R transport layers; and transmitting the CSI report.

Abstract: A method for indicating channel state information CSI measurement and a communication apparatus. A network device indicates, to a terminal device by using first indication information, one or more frequency domain units in a downlink reference signal resource that are used by the terminal device to obtain CSI. The terminal device determines, based on the first indication information, which frequency domain units in the downlink reference signal resource are used to obtain the CSI, and perform measurement in the frequency domain unit to obtain the CSI. The network device flexibly configures CSI measurement based on a system status, to control obtaining of the CSI. This helps the terminal device obtain the CSI more pertinently based on the indication in different cases.

Abstract: This application discloses methods and apparatuses for determining precoding vector. One example method includes: determining, by a network apparatus, a precoding vector of one or more frequency domain units based on the first indication information. The first indication information is used to indicate L1 beam vectors in a beam vector set, K1 frequency domain vectors in a frequency domain vector set, and T1 space-frequency component matrices. A weighted sum of the T1 space-frequency component matrices is used to determine a precoding vector of each frequency domain unit. The T1 space-frequency component matrices are selected from M1 space-frequency component matrices corresponding to the L1 beam vectors and the K1 frequency domain vectors, each space-frequency component matrix is uniquely determined by one beam vector and one frequency domain vector.

Abstract: A channel state information feedback method includes: a terminal receives first indication information from a network device, and the terminal sends channel state information to the network device. The first indication information is used to indicate a type of a right multiplication matrix in a first codebook, and the first codebook satisfies a formula (I). W is the first codebook, W1 is a port selection matrix, (II) is a linear superposition coefficient matrix, Wf is the right multiplication matrix, and (III) is a conjugate transpose of Wf, and is used by the terminal to determine the channel state information based on the first codebook. According to the method, when there are a plurality of codebooks, the codebook used by the terminal to obtain the CSI can be clearly indicated.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for downlink control information (DCI) detection are provided. In one aspect, a DCI detection method includes: receiving a configuration parameter that is used to configure at least one or more groups of candidate resources, each of the one or more groups of candidate resources carrying one piece of DCI, and in response to determining that one corresponding piece of DCI is blindly detected from one of the one or more groups of candidate resources, stopping the blind detection on the one of the one or more groups of candidate resources.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a channel estimation method and apparatus, and relate to the field of communications technologies. One example method include: generating and sending indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate L space-frequency basis vectors for constructing an M×N-dimensional space-frequency vector; the space-frequency vector includes M N-dimensional precoding vectors, each precoding vector is used in one of M frequency bands, and the space-frequency vector is generated by performing a weighted combination on L space-frequency component vectors; each of the L space-frequency component vectors is a vector including M×N elements that are in one of the L space-frequency basis vectors, and each of the L space-frequency basis vectors is an Nf×N-dimensional vector; the space-frequency basis vector is a three-dimensional oversampled (DFT) vector; and L?2, Nf?M?1, N?2, and L, M, N, and Nf are all integers.

Abstract: This application describes a channel information feedback method and a communication apparatus. The method includes a terminal device that receives configuration information sent by a network device, where the configuration information is used to configure a feedback mode of channel information. The terminal device may feed back current channel information to the network device when the feedback mode configured by using the configuration information is a first mode. The terminal device may alternatively feeds back predicted channel information to the network device when the feedback mode configured by using the configuration information is a second mode. System performance is therefore improved by the method described in this application because channel information feedback requirements in different scenarios can be met.

Abstract: A data transmission method between a plurality of transmit end devices and a receive end device includes receiving at least one piece of transmission control information. The at least one piece of transmission control information includes transmission control information received by the receive end device from at least one of the plurality of transmit end devices, and transmission control information from each of the plurality of transmit end devices includes a retransmission process identifier. The transmission control information controls data transmission between transmit and receive end devices. The method also includes for each of the at least one piece of transmission control information, determining the transmit end device configured to send the piece of transmission control information, and performing a retransmission control operation on the data transmission received by the receive end device.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses methods and apparatuses for signal processing. In an implementation, a method comprises: generating first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates L1 space domain vectors in a space domain vector set, K1 frequency domain vectors in a frequency domain vector set, and T1 space-frequency component matrices, wherein a precoding vector of one or more frequency domain units is determined by a weighted sum of the T1 space-frequency component matrices, wherein the L1 space domain vectors and the K1 frequency domain vectors correspond to M1 space-frequency component matrices that comprise the T1 space-frequency component matrices, wherein each of the M1 space-frequency component matrices is uniquely determined by a different combination of one of the L1 space domain vectors and one of the K1 frequency domain vectors; and sending the first indication information.