Abstract: A battery heating apparatus includes a voltage transformation module and a control module. The voltage transformation module includes a first voltage transformation circuit configured to connect a charging apparatus, a first switch module connected to the first voltage transformation circuit, a second voltage transformation circuit configured to connect a power battery, and an energy storage element and a second switch module connected to the second voltage transformation circuit. The control module is configured to, in a first heating mode, control the first switch module to turn off the first voltage transformation circuit, and control the second switch module so that the second voltage transformation circuit and the energy storage element form a loop for discharging from the power battery to the energy storage element and a loop for charging the power battery by the energy storage element, for heating the power battery during discharging and charging.

Abstract: A winding includes one or more first magnetic poles, each has a first cross-sectional area equal to each other, and each is wound with a first primary side winding and a first secondary side winding. Each of the first primary side windings has a first number of primary side turns equal to each other, and each of the first secondary side windings has a first number of secondary side turns equal to each other. One or more second magnetic poles each have a second cross-sectional area equal to each other, and each is wound with a second primary side winding and a second secondary side winding. Each of the second primary side windings has a second number of primary side turns equal to each other, and each of the second secondary side windings has a second number of secondary side turns equal to each other.

Abstract: Devices and methods for DC-to-DC conversion. The device includes a first transformer having a first winding at a primary side and a second winding at a secondary side. The device also includes a second transformer having a third winding at a primary side and a fourth winding at a secondary side. The device includes a controller configured to control a first current in the first winding of the first transformer and a second current in the third winding of the second transformer to flow in a first pattern, and to control the first current and the second current to flow in a second pattern.

Abstract: Devices and methods for DC-to-DC conversion. The device includes a first transformer having a first winding at a primary side and a second winding at a secondary side. The device also includes a second transformer having a third winding at a primary side and a fourth winding at a secondary side. The device includes a controller configured to control a first current in the first winding of the first transformer and a second current in the third winding of the second transformer to flow in a first pattern, and to control the first current and the second current to flow in a second pattern.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a synchronous rectifier, a method of driving a synchronous rectifier and a power converter incorporating the drive circuit or the method. In one embodiment, the drive circuit includes: (1) a first drive circuit stage configured to derive a timing for at least one drive signal from a secondary winding of a transformer coupled to the synchronous rectifier and (2) a second drive circuit stage, coupled to the first drive circuit stage and configured to employ a substantially stable voltage source to provide power for the at least one drive signal and apply the at least one drive signal to at least one control terminal of at least one synchronous rectifier switch in the synchronous rectifier.

Abstract: A synchronous rectifier includes a primary rectifier circuit and a secondary rectifier circuit. The primary rectifier circuit is configured to produce first and second half-rectified signals from respective first and second primary voltage outputs of a first transformer winding. The secondary rectifier circuit is configured to rectify a voltage output of a second transformer winding in response to first and second transistor gate inputs. A first buffer driver is configured to receive the first half-rectified signal and to provide a first buffered control signal to the first transistor gate input. A second buffer driver is configured to receive the second half-rectified signal and to provide a second buffered control signal to the first transistor gate input.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a synchronous rectifier, a method of driving a synchronous rectifier and a power converter incorporating the drive circuit or the method. In one embodiment, the drive circuit includes: (1) a first drive circuit stage configured to derive a timing for at least one drive signal from a secondary winding of a transformer coupled to the synchronous rectifier and (2) a second drive circuit stage, coupled to the first drive circuit stage and configured to employ a substantially stable voltage source to provide power for the at least one drive signal and apply the at least one drive signal to at least one control terminal of at least one synchronous rectifier switch in the synchronous rectifier.

Abstract: A synchronous rectifier includes a primary rectifier circuit and a secondary rectifier circuit. The primary rectifier circuit is configured to produce first and second half-rectified signals from respective first and second primary voltage outputs of a first transformer winding. The secondary rectifier circuit is configured to rectify a voltage output of a second transformer winding in response to first and second transistor gate inputs. A first buffer driver is configured to receive the first half-rectified signal and to provide a first buffered control signal to the first transistor gate input. A second buffer driver is configured to receive the second half-rectified signal and to provide a second buffered control signal to the first transistor gate input.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and products for analyzing polymers using FRET. In particular the methods involve improvements in FRET signaling.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for analyzing and characterizing single polymers such as nucleic acid molecules. In preferred embodiments, the single molecules are analyzed using single molecule detection and analysis systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for analyzing and characterizing single polymers such as nucleic acid molecules. In preferred embodiments, the single molecules are analyzed using single molecule detection and analysis systems.

Abstract: A flyback converter with synchronous rectifying function comprises a flyback converter, a controllable unit, a controller and a comparator. The controllable unit is connected to a negative pole of a second auxiliary winding of a secondary winding of a transformer in the flyback converter, a gate of a MOS transistor and an output of the comparator. The controller is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor, the ground and a negative pole of a second winding of a current transformer in the flyback converter. The comparator has one input for providing a check voltage and connected to a junction of a diode and a resistor, and another input for providing a reference voltage.