Abstract: This document discloses a hybrid and multifunctional biosensing technology consisting of a dual gate thin-film transistor (DGTFT) biosensor with an extended gate covered with magnesium zinc oxide nanostructures (MZOnano) and an MZOnano modified bulk acoustic wave resonator (MZOnano BAW). The technology is used for the full-scale dynamic monitoring of bacterial biofilm formation from its early stage to the maturation stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthodontic treatment bracket, which includes a bracket base and a groove with a Tip-edge shape and also has a detachable groove extender. The present invention can switch two different contact modes between the archwire and the bracket groove through flexibly controlling the length of groove with the extender, for purpose of satisfying the different requirements for friction in different clinical treatment stages. The present invention is also related to a double-groove bracket with a groove extender, including a bracket base and a mesial groove and a distal auxiliary groove which are parallel and located at the upper and lower sides of the bracket base. The distance between the base of the mesial groove and the bracket base is greater than the distance between the base of the distal auxiliary groove and the bracket base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new orthodontic bracket, comprising a bracket base 1, characterized in that there is a mesial groove 2 and a distal auxiliary groove 3 in parallel laterally located on the upper and lower sides of the outer surface of bracket base, wherein the said mesial groove 2 and the said distal auxiliary groove 3 have an archwire slot of mesidal groove 2? and an archwire slot of distal auxiliary groove 3? which are lateral and parallel, respectively, and the vertical interval between the center lines of the archwire slot 2? and archwire slot 3? is 0.086-0.196 inches. The present invention also involves a self-ligating cover of buckle type based on double groove, breaking the restrictions of current self-ligating bracket on the groove archwire size to be inserted.

Abstract: A gas mixture for treatment of a mycobacterial infection and methods thereof, wherein the gas mixture comprises hydrogen. In certain applications, the gas mixture further comprises oxygen and optionally an inert or anaerobic gas, preferably selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The methods for treatment comprise direct inhalation of the gas mixture comprising hydrogen and oxygen, intubation of a patient with a double lumen endotracheal tube thereby supplying one lung with an anaerobic gas, and administration of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and oxygen in a hyperbaric setting. Also provided is a method of sterilization of a mycobacterium-contaminated surface comprising administration of the hydrogen-containing gas mixture.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that, for many drugs (e.g., antiviral or antimicrobial drugs such as antifungal or antibacterial drugs, including bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic drugs) and many pathogen strains (e.g., viral, fungal, or bacterial pathogens), a concentration of drug can be identified at which drug-resistant mutant pathogen strains are not selected. This concentration is herein referred to as the “mutant prevention concentration” (MPC). Maintaining serum concentrations of the drug above the MPC throughout a course of treatment should severely restrict selection of drug-resistant mutants. Additionally, it is discovered that drug-resistant mutant pathogens are selected exclusively within a drug concentration window, termed the “mutant selection window” (MSW). A quantitative expression of this window, which we call the “window index” (WI), is defined as the ratio of the MPC to the MIC.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that, for many drugs (e.g., antiviral or antimicrobial drugs such as antifungal or antibacterial drugs, including bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic drugs) and many pathogen strains (e.g., viral, fungal, or bacterial pathogens), a concentration of drug can be identified at which drug-resistant mutant pathogen strains are not selected. This concentration is herein referred to as the “mutant prevention concentration” (MPC). Maintaining serum concentrations of the drug above the MPC throughout a course of treatment should severely restrict selection of drug-resistant mutants. Additionally, it is discovered that drug-resistant mutant pathogens are selected exclusively within a drug concentration window, termed the “mutant selection window” (MSW). A quantitative expression of this window, which we call the “window index” (WI), is defined as the ratio of the MPC to the MIC.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that, for many drugs (e.g., antiviral or antimicrobial drugs such as antifungal or antibacterial drugs, including bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic drugs) and many pathogen strains (e.g., viral, fungal, or bacterial pathogens), a concentration of drug can be identified at which drug-resistant mutant pathogen strains are not selected. This concentration is herein referred to as the “mutant prevention concentration” (MPC). Maintaining serum concentrations of the drug above the MPC throughout a course of treatment should severely restrict selection of drug-resistant mutants. Additionally, it is discovered that drug-resistant mutant pathogens are selected exclusively within a drug concentration window, termed the “mutant selection window” (MSW). A quantitative expression of this window, which we call the “window index” (WI), is defined as the ratio of the MPC to the MIC.