Abstract: An alkyl ester of 4-(5-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butyric acid, such as ethyl 4-(5-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butanoate, is obtained by reacting an alkyl ester of 4-(5-amino-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butyric acid with 2-hydroxyacetaldehyde under reducing conditions.

Abstract: The embodiments discussed herein relate to systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling power consumption of a computing device in a standby or sleep mode. During the standby or sleep mode an external device can be plugged into the computing device. The external device can be provided power from a standby power supply until a determination is made as to whether a main power supply is operating. The determination can be based on comparing the output of the main power supply to an output of the standby power supply. If the main power supply is operating, a switch in the computing device can close to allow the main power supply to provide power to the external device. Moreover, in some embodiments, the switch can close based exclusively on a current demand of the external device from the standby power supply.

Abstract: This application provides a chip packaging system, including multiple chips, a substrate, a heat dissipating component, and at least one thermoelectric refrigeration chip. A heat dissipating ring and a heat dissipating lid are provided on the heat dissipating component. One end of the heat dissipating ring is secured to the substrate, and the other end, opposite to the end secured to the substrate. The multiple chips are disposed in space enclosed by the substrate, the heat dissipating ring, and the heat dissipating lid, and all of the multiple chips are separated each other by using a thermal insulation material or by air. One surface of each of the at least one thermoelectric refrigeration chip is a hot end and the other surface thereof is a cold end. The cold end of each thermoelectric refrigeration chip is disposed on a side close to the multiple chips.

Abstract: A thermoelectric cooler (TEC) configured to support a heat source device and perform temperature control on the heat source device. The TEC includes a first base plate, a second base plate disposed opposite to the first base plate, and first elements. The first base plate is configured to support the heat source device. An accommodation space is formed between the first base plate and the second base plate. The first elements are arranged at intervals within the accommodation space, and are all connected to the first base plate and the second base plate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tuning multi-input complex dynamic systems in order to automatically obtain optimal performance are provided. Training is performed by measuring performance of the complex system using an objective function for a sparse sampling of input values over a variety of dynamic regimes. A sparse representation of the performance for each dynamic regime is stored in a library. At run-time, performance is measured and matched to a sparse representation in the library, and the complex system is configured with the optimal input values associated with the matching sparse representation from the library. Performance may then be optimized using an extremum-seeking controller. In some embodiments, the disclosed techniques are applied to a self-tuning mode-locked laser. In some embodiments, the disclosed techniques are applied to other complex systems such as phased array antennas and neurostimulation systems.

Abstract: An alkyl ester of 4-(5-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butyric acid, such as ethyl 4-(5-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butanoate, is obtained by reacting an alkyl ester of 4-(5-amino-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butyric acid with 2-hydroxyacetaldehyde under reducing conditions.

Abstract: An optical communication package includes a circuit layer, an optical component electrically coupled to the circuit layer to optically communicate outside of the package, and a thermoelectric cooler electrically coupled to the circuit layer and disposed to transfer heat from the optical component to the circuit layer.

Abstract: The invention broadly relates to release layer compositions that enable thin wafer handling during microelectronics manufacturing. Preferred release layers are formed from compositions comprising a polyamic acid or polyimide dissolved or dispersed in a solvent system, followed by curing and/or solvent removal at about 250° C. to about 350° C. for less than about 10 minutes, yielding a thin film. This process forms the release compositions into polyimide release layers that can be used in temporary bonding processes, and laser debonded after the desired processing has been carried out.

Abstract: An optical communication package includes a circuit layer, an optical component electrically coupled to the circuit layer to optically communicate outside of the package, and a thermoelectric cooler electrically coupled to the circuit layer and disposed to transfer heat from the optical component to the circuit layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for data interaction, and the method includes: obtaining required times of data interaction between valid applications in a background application mode and a network; selecting a minimum required time from the current required times as a target required time of data interaction, and starting timing; when the target required time expires, obtaining each valid application whose current required time of data interaction is between two consecutive target required times, and determining the valid application as a target application; and activating a packet data protocol PDP, establishing a data link between the target application and the network, and performing data interaction, and then restarting timing.

Abstract: The technique of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is disclosed herein for the purpose of robustly separating video frames into background (low-rank) and foreground (sparse) components in real-time. Foreground/background separation is achieved at the computational cost of just one singular value decomposition (SVD) and one linear equation solve, thus producing results orders of magnitude faster than robust principal component analysis (RPCA). Additional techniques, including techniques for analyzing the video for multi-resolution time-scale components, and techniques for reusing computations to allow processing of streaming video in real time, are also described herein.

Abstract: Planarizing and spin-on-carbon (SOC) compositions that fill vias and/or trenches on a substrate while planarizing the surface in a single thin layer coating process are provided. The compositions can planarize wide ranges of substrates with vias or trenches of from about 20 nm to about 220 nm wide, and up to about 700 nm deep. These extraordinary properties come from the low molecular weight of the polymers used in the materials, thermally-labile protecting groups on the polymers, and a delayed crosslinking reaction.

Abstract: Multiple bonding layer schemes that temporarily join semiconductor substrates are provided. In the inventive bonding scheme, at least one of the layers is directly in contact with the semiconductor substrate and at least two layers within the scheme are in direct contact with one another. The present invention provides several processing options as the different layers within the multilayer structure perform specific functions. More importantly, it will improve performance of the thin-wafer handling solution by providing higher thermal stability, greater compatibility with harsh backside processing steps, protection of bumps on the front side of the wafer by encapsulation, lower stress in the debonding step, and fewer defects on the front side.

Abstract: Wet bendamustine hydrochloride monohydrate may be dried by a two stage process wherein rapid drying is first carried out to provide a partially dried product, which is then further dried using an inert gas of controlled relative humidity to yield dry bendamustine hydrochloride monohydrate.

Abstract: Techniques for managing energy use of a computing deployment are provided. In one embodiment, a computer system can establish a performance model for one or more components of the computing deployment, where the performance model models a relationship between one or more tunable parameters of the one or more components and an end-to-end performance metric, and where the end-to-end performance metric reflects user-observable performance of a service provided by the computing deployment. The computer system can further execute an algorithm to determine values for the one or more tunable parameters that minimize power consumption of the one or more components, where the algorithm guarantees that the determined values will not cause the end-to-end performance metric, as calculated by the performance model, to cross a predefined threshold. The computer system can then enforce the determined values by applying changes to the one or more components.

Abstract: Wet bendamustine hydrochloride monohydrate may be dried by a two stage process wherein rapid drying is first carried out to provide a partially dried product, which is then further dried using an inert gas of controlled relative humidity to yield dry bendamustine hydrochloride monohydrate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for data interaction, and the method includes: obtaining required times of data interaction between valid applications in a background application mode and a network; selecting a minimum required time from the current required times as a target required time of data interaction, and starting timing; when the target required time expires, obtaining each valid application whose current required time of data interaction is between two consecutive target required times, and determining the valid application as a target application; and activating a packet data protocol PDP, establishing a data link between the target application and the network, and performing data interaction, and then restarting timing.

Abstract: The technique of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is disclosed herein for the purpose of robustly separating video frames into background (low-rank) and foreground (sparse) components in real-time. Foreground/background separation is achieved at the computational cost of just one singular value decomposition (SVD) and one linear equation solve, thus producing results orders of magnitude faster than robust principal component analysis (RPCA). Additional techniques, including techniques for analyzing the video for multi-resolution time-scale components, and techniques for reusing computations to allow processing of streaming video in real time, are also described herein.

Abstract: Multiple bonding layer schemes that temporarily join semiconductor substrates are provided. In the inventive bonding scheme, at least one of the layers is directly in contact with the semiconductor substrate and at least two layers within the scheme are in direct contact with one another. The present invention provides several processing options as the different layers within the multilayer structure perform specific functions. More importantly, it will improve performance of the thin-wafer handling solution by providing higher thermal stability, greater compatibility with harsh backside processing steps, protection of bumps on the front side of the wafer by encapsulation, lower stress in the debonding step, and fewer defects on the front side.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tuning multi-input complex dynamic systems in order to automatically obtain optimal performance are provided. Training is performed by measuring performance of the complex system using an objective function for a sparse sampling of input values over a variety of dynamic regimes. A sparse representation of the performance for each dynamic regime is stored in a library. At run-time, performance is measured and matched to a sparse representation in the library, and the complex system is configured with the optimal input values associated with the matching sparse representation from the library. Performance may then be optimized using an extremum-seeking controller. In some embodiments, the disclosed techniques are applied to a self-tuning mode-locked laser. In some embodiments, the disclosed techniques are applied to other complex systems such as phased array antennas and neurostimulation systems.