Abstract: A vapor chamber structure includes an aluminum upper plate, an aluminum lower plate, a working fluid and multiple micron-sized recesses. The aluminum upper plate has a first side and a second side. The aluminum lower plate has a third side and a fourth side. The aluminum upper and lower plates are correspondingly mated with each other to define an airtight chamber. The working fluid is filled in the airtight chamber. The micron-sized recesses are directly formed on the third side. The micron-sized recesses are upward raised and/or downward recessed from the third side in the form of multiple small puddles so as to enhance the boiling efficiency of the working fluid in the airtight chamber and promote liquid-vapor circulation performance of the vapor chamber. In addition, when used in a low-temperature environment, the vapor chamber structure prevents the working fluid in the airtight chamber from freezing.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and its variations for simultaneous detection of antibodies against two or more antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determination of approximate time (duration) post HIV infection, thereby confirming the infection, and determination of recency of an HIV infection. The number of individuals with recently infected HIV in a given period may be further used to estimate incidence of HIV in a population.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and its variations for simultaneous detection of antibodies against two or more antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determination of approximate time (duration) post HIV infection, thereby confirming the infection, and determination of recency of an HIV infection. The number of individuals with recently infected HIV in a given period may be further used to estimate incidence of HIV in a population.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods for influenza virus detection. These reagents and methods disclosed in the present invention enable simple, rapid, specific and sensitive detection of influenza virus types A and B. These reagents are N-acetylneuraminic acid-firefly luciferin conjugates which can be cleaved by influenza virus neuraminidase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods for influenza virus detection. These reagents and methods disclosed in the present invention enable simple, rapid, specific and sensitive detection of influenza virus types A and B. These reagents are N-acetylneuraminic acid-firefly luciferin conjugates which can be cleaved by influenza virus neuraminidase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemiluminescent method and regent to detect analyte. One aspect of the current invention relates to using enzyme substrate that can be cleaved by target enzyme to release chemiluminescent compound giving light signal for the detection of varieties of target enzymes. Another aspect of the current invention relates to use chemiluminescent enzyme coupled with analyte binding molecules to detect specific analyte molecules in a homogenous phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods for influenza virus detection. These reagents and methods disclosed in the present invention enable simple, rapid, specific and sensitive detection of influenza virus types A and B. These reagents are N-acetylneuraminic acid-firefly luciferin conjugates which can be cleaved by influenza virus neuraminidase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods used in virus isolation and analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents and methods for influenza virus detection. These reagents and methods disclosed in the present invention enable simple, rapid, specific and sensitive detection of influenza virus types A and B. These reagents are N-acetylneuraminic acid-firefly luciferin conjugates which can be cleaved by influenza virus neuraminidase.

Abstract: Microparticle based amplification (MBA) for high sensitivity and high speed analyte detection is described. MBA is based on signal amplification achieved by use of a signal amplification microparticle that contains a plurality of signaling molecules attached to a plurality of positions on the surface of the microparticle, in combination with a plurality of analyte binding molecules attached to a plurality of positions on the surface. Each signaling molecule in turn has a plurality of signal emitting moieties, such as acridinium, attached thereto. This is combined with a separating microparticle such as a ferromagnetic particle, also having an analyte binding molecule attached to the surface so that a complex comprising the analyte, the signal amplification microparticle and the separating microparticle is formed. The complex emits a signal that is amplified many fold relative to the stoichemetric amount of analyte molecules in the sample.