Abstract: Suitable electrolyte conditioning at the electrodes greatly facilitates the transport of desired ions through soil, enhancing the ability of electrokinetic processes to stabilize the soil through cementing reactions. Cationic species are injected at the anode, and anionic species at the cathode, with suitable electrolyte conditioning. For example, if acid or base formation negatively affects transport, chemical conditioning is used to neutralize the acid or base products of electrolysis. Ionic species can be transported through soil at rates of several centimeters a day, even in soils such as clays having a low hydraulic conductivity. Electroosmotic transport can be minimized by appropriate conditioning of the pore fluid chemistry. For example, placement of chemical conditioners with smaller cations at the anode compartment and larger anions at the cathode compartment, or increasing the ion content of the pore fluid (e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to insitu bio-electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil containing hazardous mixed wastes as organic pollutants and hazardous heavy metals. Bio-remediation of the organic pollutants is followed by removal of the hazardous material. Cultured micro-organisms, nutrients and growth factors are added to clean soil adjacent to contaminated soil. Positive anodes and negative cathodes are placed in the microbial-loaded clean soil adjacent to the contaminated soil. The negative cathode is closest to the interface of the clean and contaminated soil. DC current is applied between the electrodes and water containing cultured microorganisms is pushed by the electrokinetic pumping effect into the contaminated site. The acid generated at the anode is not allowed to enter the contaminated soil. Cultured microorganisms are introduced into clean soil on the opposite side of the contaminated soil. DC current is reversed to change the original anode to cathode and cathode to anode.

Abstract: The electrochemical decontamination of soil or slurries through the use of an inert anode, a nonreactive cathode, and supplying water to the soil near the anode.