Abstract: The syntheses of two phosphoramidite building blocks based on BNSF and BNSMB structures are disclosed. Furthermore, some common molecular intermediates have been designed and linked to the central biphenyl core of the two molecules, resulting in a versatile and cost-effective design. These compounds can be effectively introduced to DNA oligonucleotides via the well-established standard cyanoethylphosphoramidite chemistry on the nucleic acid synthesizer. Fragmentation of these BNSF- and BNSMB-functionalized DNA strands is achieved by both one-photon and two-photon photolysis of photoliable bonds of [2-(2-nitrophenyl)propoxy]carbonyl groups on BNSF and BNSMB molecules respectively, resulting in two short pieces of single-stranded DNAs.

Abstract: A guard to protect a user while cutting food (“guard”) has an outer body, a plurality of sides, and at least one grip to securely hold a piece of food within the guard. A plate is secured to the bottom of the outer body to add a further layer of protection. It is preferred that the outer body of the guard is made of a flexible material so that the sides can flex inwardly to accommodate different sizes of food. A method for using the guard to cut food has the food being placed inside the guard, the user gripping the guard and flexing the sides inwardly so that the at least one grip forms a secure connection with the outer surface of the food, and cutting the food such that the plate adds a layer of protection between the cutting instrument and the user.

Abstract: The syntheses of two phosphoramidite building blocks based on BNSF and BNSMB structures are disclosed. Furthermore, some common molecular intermediates have been designed and linked to the central biphenyl core of the two molecules, resulting in a versatile and cost-effective design. These compounds can be effectively introduced to DNA oligonucleotides via the well-established standard cyanoethylphosphoramidite chemistry on the nucleic acid synthesizer. Fragmentation of these BNSF- and BNSMB-functionalized DNA strands is achieved by both one-photon and two-photon photolysis of photoliable bonds of [2-(2-nitrophenyl)propoxy]carbonyl groups on BNSF and BNSMB molecules respectively, resulting in two short pieces of single-stranded DNAs.

Abstract: A rotor assembly for a DC motor is provided which includes a rotor having a rotor shaft, a commutator mounted to the rotor shaft, and a varistor which is connected to the commutator via an electrically-conductive solderless fixing means, such as an electrically-conductive adhesive.

Abstract: A rotor assembly for a DC motor is provided which includes a rotor having a rotor shaft, a commutator mounted to the rotor shaft, and a varistor which is connected to the commutator via an electrically-conductive solderless fixing means, such as an electrically-conductive adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of embedding watermarking data in an audio signal which includes the steps of incorporating watermarking information into said audio signal, sectioning said signal into at least two sections, marking at least one said section whereby said sections may be identified, generating distortion in one said section of said signal in manner recoverable by a key obtainable from at least one other said section, and appending said distorted section to said at least one other section to form a composite signal comprising a distorted section to said at least one other section to form a composite signal comprising a distorted section and at least one undistorted section. The present invention is particularly useful for enabling advertisements and or trial listening sections to be added to an audio file in such a manner that they include the key for recovering a distorted section. If an attempt is made to remove the advertisement or trial section, then the key would be lost.

Abstract: A system and method for errant laser beam detection are provided for effectively detecting small coating failures in a cost effective and robust manner. In one embodiment, a detection system includes a continuity circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB) having metal (e.g., copper) traces which are designed to burn through if an errant beam strikes them. The traces are sized and patterned appropriately to sense a minimum subaperture size.

Abstract: A device for capturing radiation includes multi-axis, multiple chambers with two dimensional geometry. A first chamber has a first axis and is configured to receive a beam of radiation and absorb a portion of the beam of radiation. A second chamber has a second axis that is not collinear with the first axis. The second chamber is configured to receive at least a portion of the beam of radiation and absorb at least a portion of the beam of radiation. In one preferred embodiment, the second chamber terminates at a vertex. Additional chambers may be provided, as desired, with axes not collinear with either the first chamber, the second chamber, or any other chamber such that the plurality of chambers absorb substantially all of the radiation.

Abstract: An exemplary calorimeter includes a body configured to capture radiation generated by a source of the radiation, such as without limitation a laser, and absorb energy from the captured radiation. The calorimeter is simple to manufacture, operate, and maintain and is compact, highly accurate, able to withstand high power beams, and self-calibrating. NIST traceable electrical wires are used for the measurement. No fluids are used during measurements of the input radiation. A simple built in fluid or gaseous cooling system may be used post-measurement to reset the calorimeter temperature back to ambient for repeated measurement capability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of embedding watermarking data in an audio signal, comprising the steps of: incorporating watermarking information into said audio signal, sectioning said signal into at least two sections, marking at least one said section whereby said sections may be identified, generating distortion in one said section of said signal in a manner recoverable by a key obtainable from at least one other said section, and appending said distorted section to said at least one other section to form a composite signal comprising a distorted section and at least one undistorted section. The present invention is particularly useful for enabling advertisements and or trial listening sections to be added to an audio file in such a manner that they include the key for recovering a distorted section. If an attempt is made to remove the advertisement or trial section, then the key would be lost.