Abstract: A method of manufacturing biomass hard carbon contains: step 1: mixing a carbon source and a nanoscale powder so as to obtain a precursor; step 2: disposing the precursor in an oxygen-free environment; step 3: carbonizing the precursor by a heating process so as to make the precursor be transformed into a hard carbon mixture; step 4: rinsing the hard carbon mixture by an acid solution, such that the hard carbon mixture has a pH value less than 0.5; step 5: modulating the pH value to be greater than 6 by using a pure water to rinse the hard carbon mixture; and step 6: producing a biomass hard carbon by drying the hard carbon mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making multiporous carbon material from a bio-oil produced by a biomass thermochemical process. The bio-oil is blended with a resin and a Zinc Oxide (ZnO) template as a major component of a precursor. The pore sizes of the carbon material made by the invention comprise mesopores and micropores to form the multiporous carbon material. The main production steps include: (1) mixing the precursor with a crusher, (2) packing the precursor, (3) heating for carbonization: holding 350° C. for 1 hour then holding 900° C. for 2 hours, and (4) washing the ZnO with hydrochloric acid by adjusting the pH value to less than 1.

Abstract: In order to develop a high combustion heat and stable bio-oil for safer transportation. The present invention discloses a low carbon bio-oil, selected from the group consisting of a thermo-chemical oil product, a fatty acid containing bio-oil and a bio-alcohol. The invention also discloses a preparation method of preparing the low carbon bio-oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making multiporous carbon material from a bio-oil produced by a biomass thermochemical process. The bio-oil is blended with a resin and a Zinc Oxide (ZnO) template as a major component of a precursor. The pore sizes of the carbon material made by the invention comprise mesopores and micropores to form the multiporous carbon material. The main production steps include: (1) mixing the precursor with a crusher, (2) packing the precursor, (3) heating for carbonization: holding 350° C. for 1 hour then holding 900° C. for 2 hours, and (4) washing the ZnO with hydrochloric acid by adjusting the pH value to less than 1.

Abstract: In order to develop a high combustion heat and stable bio-oil for safer transportation. The present invention discloses a low carbon bio-oil, selected from the group consisting of a thermo-chemical oil product, a fatty acid containing bio-oil and a bio-alcohol. The invention also discloses a preparation method of preparing the low carbon bio-oil.

Abstract: The innovation process describes the process and results for fabrication of a magnetron sputter deposited fully dense electrolyte layer (8YSZ/GDC/LSGM) embedded in a high performance membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) (Unit Cell) of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. A single cell with airtight electrolyte layer (8YSZ/GDC/LSGM) is prepared via thin film technique of magnetron sputter deposition, combined with SOFC-MEA processing methods (such as tape casting, lamination, vacuum hot pressing, screen printing, spin coating, and plasma spray coating) and sintering optimization conditions. The gas permeability of the electrolyte layer is below 1×10?6 L/cm2/sec and the open circuit voltage/power density of the single cell performance test exceeds 1.0 V and 500 mW/cm2.

Abstract: A current collection apparatus and its method of processing for a solid oxide fuel cell, which mainly includes using screen printing process to print conductive adhesive onto the surface of the electrode of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), forming a current collection layer with drying process, using an appropriate amount of conductive adhesive to paste a conductive wire onto the current collection layer, forming an adhesion layer through drying, fixing the conductive wire on the electrode surface with an appropriate amount of ceramic adhesive, and forming a fixing layer after baking. A good connection is hence made between metal conductive wire and electrode through current collection layer, not only the interface impedance between electrode and current collection layer can be reduced effectively, but also the output power density of the SOFC unit cell can be enhanced, and stable as well as long term power output can be provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for energy conversion cycle based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and utilizing CO2 source (referred to as SOFC-CO2-ECC) adopt CO2 as energy sources from waste/stock gas or convert and fix it in the useful compounds. CO2 is converted into CO and O2 via simultaneously catalytic and electrochemical reactions in SOFC for power generation and CO2 cracking. Furthermore, CO is used either as the fuel in SOFC for power generation or starting materials in the chemical reactors to produce CO-derivatives of energy source materials and useful chemical compounds. Hence, SOFC-CO2-ECC is an active or scientific carbon cycle with zero emission of CO2.

Abstract: A current collection apparatus and its method of processing for a solid oxide fuel cell, which mainly includes using screen printing process to print conductive adhesive onto the surface of the electrode of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), forming a current collection layer with drying process, using an appropriate amount of conductive adhesive to paste a conductive wire onto the current collection layer, forming an adhesion layer through drying, fixing the conductive wire on the electrode surface with an appropriate amount of ceramic adhesive, and forming a fixing layer after baking. A good connection is hence made between metal conductive wire and electrode through current collection layer, not only the interface impedance between electrode and current collection layer can be reduced effectively, but also the output power density of the SOFC unit cell can be enhanced, and stable as well as long term power output can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measurement process for determination of the optimum contact pressure among components of a solid oxide fuel cell stack in the packaging process in order that the reduction in performance caused by the packaging process can be reduced. The present invention also provides a measurement apparatus which can carry the measurement process out.

Abstract: The present invention is related to producing fine nano or submicron-scale precision ceramic powder by applying an innovative chemical reactor with powder collection to the glycine-nitrate combustion process (GNC-P). The unique feature lies in the utilization of a simple-operating process to massively produce nano or submicron-scale ceramic oxide powder with multiple metal components. The present invention not only provides very high powder collection efficiency and production yield as well as safety but also satisfies requirements of industrial safety and environmental safety, and lowers production cost.

Abstract: A process and apparatus of “Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)-CO2 Energy Conversion Cycle (referred to as SOFC-CO2-ECC)” are invented to adopt CO2 as energy sources from waste/stock gas or convert and fix it in the useful compounds. CO2 is converted into CO and O2 via simultaneously catalytic and electrochemical reactions in SOFC for power generation and CO2 cracking. Furthermore, CO is used either as the fuel in SOFC for power generation or starting materials in the chemical reactors to produce CO-derivatives of energy source materials and useful chemical compounds. Hence, SOFC-CO2-ECC is an active or scientific carbon cycle with zero emission of CO2. Thus, the efficacy of environmental protection via solving the problem of CO2 greenhouse effect is achieved, so as to grasp of the “Right of Carbon Emission Trading” issues.

Abstract: This invention describes the recipe and preparation process of nano-scale electrolyte suspension and its application via a spin coating process for fabrication of airtight/fully dense electrolyte layers composed in solid oxide fuel cell-membrane electrode assembly with high performance characteristics. The recipe of nano-scale electrolyte suspension includes 10˜50 wt % nano-scale electrolyte powder, 0.01˜1 wt % poly acrylic acid (PAA as dispersant), 0.1˜5 wt % poly vinyl alcohol (PVA as binder), 0.005˜1 wt % octanol as defoamer, and deionized water as solvent. Solid oxide fuel cell fabricated via this recipe and process exhibits that the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is over 1 Volt, and maximum power density is 335 mW/cm2 at 800° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measurement process for determination of the optimum contact pressure among components of a solid oxide fuel cell stack in the packaging process in order that the reduction in performance caused by the packaging process can be reduced. The present invention also provides a measurement apparatus which can carry the measurement process out.

Abstract: The present invention is related to producing fine nano or submicron-scale precision ceramic powder by applying an innovative chemical reactor with powder collection to the glycine-nitrate combustion process (GNC-P). The unique feature lies in the utilization of a simple-operating process to massively produce nano or submicron-scale ceramic oxide powder with multiple metal components. The present invention not only provides very high powder collection efficiency and production yield as well as safety but also satisfies requirements of industrial safety and environmental safety, and lowers production cost.

Abstract: A recipe and two sequential processes for fabrication of electrode substrates of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are described in this invention. The typical recipe consists of 50˜86 wt % electrolyte (8YSZ) or 50˜80 wt % anode electrode (NiO/8YSZ), 12˜22 wt % MEK (solvent 1), 5˜9 wt % EtOH (solvent 2), 1˜2 wt % TEA (dispersant), 0.5˜2 wt % DBP (plasticizer 1), 0.5˜2 wt % PEG (plasticizer 2), 3˜6 wt % PVB (binder), and 0.1˜10 wt % graphite (pore former). Two sequential processes include: 1. The process for preparation of the green tape slurry from materials of the recipe, 2. The synergistic process for fabrication of a high integrity membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of SOFC from the prepared electrode substrates.

Abstract: This invention describes the process for fabrication of a high conductivity and low resistance solid oxide fuel cell. An anode substrate is mainly prepared via tape casting technique and modified by abrasion and polish process. Electrolyte is fabricated onto the polished side by thin film technologies and can attach well in the cross section. Grinding surface of anode side about 10-30 ?um after finish of MEA combination can get a high conductivity and low resistance unit cell and enhance cell performance effectively.

Abstract: This invention describes the recipe and preparation process of nano-scale electrolyte suspension and its application via a spin coating process for fabrication of airtight/fully dense electrolyte layers composed in solid oxide fuel cell-membrane electrode assembly with high performance characteristics. The recipe of nano-scale electrolyte suspension includes 10˜50 wt % nano-scale electrolyte powder, 0.01˜1 wt % poly acrylic acid (PAA as dispersant), 0.1˜5 wt % poly vinyl alcohol (PVA as binder), 0.005˜1 wt % octanol as defoamer, and deionized water as solvent. Solid oxide fuel cell fabricated via this recipe and process exhibits that the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is over 1 Volt, and maximum power density is 335 mW/cm2 at 800° C.

Abstract: The innovation process describes the process and results for fabrication of a magnetron sputter deposited fully dense electrolyte layer (8YSZ/GDC/LSGM) embedded in a high performance membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) (Unit Cell) of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. A single cell with airtight electrolyte layer (8YSZ/GDC/LSGM) is prepared via thin film technique of magnetron sputter deposition, combined with SOFC-MEA processing methods (such as tape casting, lamination, vacuum hot pressing, screen printing, spin coating, and plasma spray coating) and sintering optimization conditions. The gas permeability of the electrolyte layer is below 1×10?6 L/cm2/sec and the open circuit voltage/power density of the single cell performance test exceeds 1.0 V and 500 mW/cm2.

Abstract: An innovation scheme and technology used for controlling porosity/gas permeability of electrode layers of SOFC-MEA through combination of pore former and sintering manipulations. The porosity of electrode layer is 0-35 vol. %, and the gas permeability of electrode layer is 1×10?3?1×10?6 L/cm2/sec.