Abstract: A method for measuring multiple rock properties using a multi-stage indentation test is provided. The method includes measuring load and displacement versus time on an indentation measurement unit, while preforming the multi-stage indentation test. The multi-stage indentation test includes indenting a saturated specimen to full load to generate a line segment 1, releasing the load on the saturated specimen to generate a line segment 2, indenting the saturated specimen to full load to generate a line segment 3, holding the loading until the displacement curve levels off to generate a line segment 4, and reducing the loading to zero to generate a line segment 5.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining mechanical properties of formation rock using, for example, millimeter-scale test samples of the formation rock are disclosed. The test samples may be single edge notched beam (SENB) test samples. The systems and methods may include performing laboratory testing on the SENB test samples and recording laboratory testing data obtained from the laboratory testing and performing a simulation on a numerical model of the SENB test samples and recording the simulation data obtained from the simulation. The laboratory testing data and the simulation data may be compared, and a determination may be made as to whether a selected degree of correlation is present between the laboratory testing data and the simulation exists. Mechanical properties of the formation rock are obtained from the simulation data when the selected degree of correlation exists between the laboratory testing data and the simulation data.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer-method for updating drilling parameters in real time. A predicted breakout geometry is determined for a drilling operation of a petrochemical well. Determining the predicted breakout geometry uses an analytical elastic breakout model and includes determining a predicted breakout width, a predicted breakout depth, and a predicted breakout angle. The predicted breakout geometry is compared with an observed breakout geometry at an observed breakout angle determined in real time using real-time caliper log data obtained from a multi-finger caliper during the drilling operation. A maximum horizontal stress value in the analytical elastic breakout model is adjusted until the predicted breakout geometry matches the observed breakout geometry within a percentage threshold. Mud weight calculations for the drilling operation are updated in response to the comparing and adjusting. Drilling parameters for the drilling operation are changed in real time in response to the updating.

Abstract: Methods and systems for increasing normalized production rate of an oil and gas reservoir by optimizing a pressure drawdown of a subsurface formation are disclosed. The methods include determining permeability of the subsurface formation as a function of effective stresses, determining a stress sensitivity factor for the core sample, upscaling the sensitive stress factor, determining the optimum pressure drawdown for the subsurface formation, and controlling the pressure drawdown in a field operation such that it does not exceed the optimum pressure drawdown for the subsurface formation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining shear failure of a rock formation are disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a processor, a plurality of parameters related to physical properties of the rock formation, applying the plurality of parameters to a predetermined failure criterion, and determining shear failure of the rock formation based on the failure criterion. In some embodiments the failure criterion is a modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion that takes into consideration an intermediate principal stress, and the difference between normal stresses and an average confining stress.

Abstract: A method for setting a wellbore casing in a subterranean formation is described. The method includes: drilling a test wellbore in the subterranean formation; generating a density profile of a plurality of geological layers above a salt formation in the subterranean formation based on observations from the test wellbore; calculating an overburden stress imposed on the salt formation by weight of overlying formation based on the density profile of the plurality of geological layers; performing creep mechanical behavior tests on core samples from the salt formation to generate a strain-time curve for the salt formation; calibrating multiple analytical creep models with mechanical properties of the salt data generated by the creep mechanical behavior tests; implementing a wellbore closure model based on a best-fit analytical model and mechanical properties of the multiple analytical creep models; drilling a well; and setting a casing through the salt formation.

Abstract: A 3D printed proppant includes a core having support bars extending from the core to a shell, the shell encapsulating the core and the support bars. Another 3D printed proppant includes a porous core and a shell encapsulating the porous core, where the porous core has a porosity from 25% to 75%. The 3D printed proppant has a particle size from 8 mesh to 140 mesh. The core, the support bars, the porous core, the shell, or combinations thereof includes metal, polymer, ceramic, composite, or combinations thereof. Additionally, a method for producing a 3D printed proppant is provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a time-dependent mud weight window are disclosed. The existence of fractures in formation rock along with a type of the formation rock are used to determine the use of a particular solution to determine the mud weight window at a particular time of a wellbore drilling operation.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a maximum horizontal stress at a depth of a geological formation, includes: setting an estimate SHmax of the maximum horizontal stress; conducting an elastoplastic modeling simulation of the geological formation around a wellbore with the estimate SHmax and obtaining a simulated value ?b,1 of a breakout angle, wherein the breakout angle is a half-width of a breakout region; and upon determining that the estimate ?b,1 is greater than or equal to a prescribed value and is different from a measured breakout angle ?b,m at the depth by more than a threshold value, repeatedly changing the estimate SHmax and conducting the elastoplastic modeling simulation.

Abstract: A method for evaluating an integrity of a liner disposed in a wellbore, that contacts a formation through a cement layer between the liner and the formation, includes computing a stress on a boundary of the liner by an iteration procedure that implements an analytical solution of stresses on a liner-cement interface and a cement-formation interface using the geometric data, performing numerical simulations using the computational numerical model to calculate a magnitude and distribution of stresses acting on the liner-cement interface and the cement-formation interface, performing numerical simulations with the actual in-situ stresses to replace the mean in-situ stress on the outer boundary of formation layer to calculate magnitude and distribution of stresses acting on the liner-cement and cement-formation interfaces using the calibrated computational mesh and applying the calculated stresses acting on the liner to a liner integrity evaluation model to determine an integrity of the liner at a plurality of st

Abstract: In a general implementation, data regarding a rock sample from a drilling site is received. A thermal-mechanical interaction model is generated based on the rock sample date. The thermal-mechanical interaction model is used to determine a penetration rate and mechanical damage around perforation channels through the modeling of heat that is emitted on an exposed surface of the rock sample by a laser beam emitted from a laser beam source. The determined penetration rate and mechanical damage is used to evaluate an effectiveness of the laser beam source to be used in a perforation at the drilling site.

Abstract: A process for designing a coated proppant particle for downhole transportation and placement. A carrier fluid may transport the coated proppant particle downhole. The process may include selecting a proppant particle material and a coating material. The process may also include selecting a target reduction in a settling velocity and determining a diameter of the coating material disposed on the proppant particle material based on the selected proppant particle material and the density of the coating material. The process for designing a coated proppant particle may include selecting a coating material thickness for coating on the proppant particle material and determining a coating material and design for coating on the proppant particle with the coating material thickness based on the selected proppant particle material and thickness of the coating material to achieve the target reduction in settling velocity.

Abstract: A subterranean zone can be treated by introducing a mixture of an acid-generating material and a proppant (for example, in a pad fluid or a pre-pad fluid) to the subterranean zone. Fractures and microfractures are created in the subterranean zone using the mixture of the acid-generating material and the proppant. The proppant is positioned within the fractures and microfractures to keep them open.

Abstract: Methods for predicting a structural response and failure of a liner for a well can include receiving geometric properties of the liner; receiving structural properties of the liner; receiving material properties of the liner; developing a numerical model of the liner; calibrating one or more parameters of the constitutive model representing the material of the liner, the calibrating including: determining a numerical burst pressure failure; determining a numerical collapse failure pressure; and simulating the structural response and failure of the numerical model subjected to an expected non-uniform pressure loading of the well, where the numerical model is used to predict the structural response and failure of the liner when installed in the well.

Abstract: Methods and systems for fabricating synthetic source rocks with organic materials, for example, using high energy resonant acoustic mixing technology, are provided. An example method includes preparing one or more organic components including kerogen, mixing, by utilizing resonant acoustic waves, the one or more organic components with one or more inorganic components to obtain a mixture, and processing the mixture to fabricate a synthetic source rock. Another example method includes mixing one or more organic components and one or more inorganic components with a kerogen precursor as an organic binder to obtain a mixture including artificial kerogen and processing the mixture to fabricate a synthetic source rock. One or more mechanical or chemo-mechanical properties of the synthetic source rock can be characterized as one or more functions of the one or more organic components and the one or more inorganic components.

Abstract: A method for setting a wellbore casing in a subterranean formation is described. The method includes: drilling a test wellbore in the subterranean formation; generating a density profile of a plurality of geological layers above a salt formation in the subterranean formation based on observations from the test wellbore; calculating an overburden stress imposed on the salt formation by weight of overlying formation based on the density profile of the plurality of geological layers; performing creep mechanical behavior tests on core samples from the salt formation to generate a strain-time curve for the salt formation; calibrating multiple analytical creep models with mechanical properties of the salt data generated by the creep mechanical behavior tests; implementing a wellbore closure model based on a best-fit analytical model and mechanical properties of the multiple analytical creep models; drilling a well; and setting a casing through the salt formation.

Abstract: Methods for predicting a structural response and failure of a liner for a well can include receiving geometric properties of the liner; receiving structural properties of the liner; receiving material properties of the liner; developing a numerical model of the liner; calibrating one or more parameters of the constitutive model representing the material of the liner, the calibrating including: determining a numerical burst pressure failure; determining a numerical collapse failure pressure; and simulating the structural response and failure of the numerical model subjected to an expected non-uniform pressure loading of the well, where the numerical model is used to predict the structural response and failure of the liner when installed in the well.

Abstract: Methods and systems for increasing normalized production rate of an oil and gas reservoir by optimizing the pressure drawdown of the subsurface formation are disclosed. The method includes determining permeability of the subsurface formation as a function of effective stresses, determining stress sensitivity factor, upscaling the permeability values determined for the core sample, determining the optimum pressure drawdown for the subsurface formation, controlling the pressure drawdown in a field operation such that it does not exceed the optimum pressure drawdown for the subsurface formation.

Abstract: A number of average compressibility values of a fractured rock in a wellbore from a depth of interest is determined, where each of the number of average compressibility values is determined according to a different average scheme. For each of the number of average compressibility values, a set of effective stresses' values based on that average compressibility value. For each determined set of stresses values, a set of mud weight window values is determined based on the set of stresses values. A mud weight for the wellbore is adjusted to be within the determined set of mud weight window.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a time-dependent mud weight window are disclosed. The existence of fractures in formation rock along with a type of the formation rock are used to determine the use of a particular solution to determine the mud weight window at a particular time of a wellbore drilling operation.