Abstract: Provided are a heating sheet, a heating tube, and an electric appliance. The heating sheet includes a graphite sheet substrate. The graphite sheet substrate includes a heating region and a buffer region. The buffer region is located at two ends of the graphite sheet substrate. The heating region is connected to the buffer region, and located on a side of the buffer region facing away from the two ends. The heating region includes a hollow zone. A duty ratio of the buffer region is greater than a duty ratio of the heating region. The heating sheet has advantages of good impact resistance and strong anti-fracture performance.

Abstract: A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) is associated with a first communication link, and one or more secondary APs of the AP MLD are associated with one or more respective secondary communication links of the AP MLD. The first AP of the AP MLD generates a frame including a first change sequence field and one or more secondary change sequence fields. The first change sequence field indicates a presence or absence of a critical update associated with the first communication link, and each of the one or more secondary change sequence fields indicates a presence or absence of a critical update associated with a corresponding secondary communication link of the AP MLD. The first AP of the AP MLD transmits the frame over the first communication link of the AP MLD to a station (STA) of a STA MLD.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless communication that can be used to establish a restricted target wake time (TWT) session on a wireless medium. In some implementations, an access point (AP) establishes a restricted TWT session for one or more wireless stations (STAs) associated with latency sensitive traffic, the restricted TWT session including restricted TWT service periods (SPs) during which the AP reserves access to the wireless medium for only the one or more STAs associated with the latency sensitive traffic. The AP transmits a clear-to-send (CTS) frame at a start of each restricted TWT SP, the CTS frame indicating to other STAs that the wireless medium is unavailable for a duration of the respective restricted TWT SP. The AP transmits latency sensitive data to or receives latency sensitive data from the one or more STAs during at least one of the restricted TWT SPs.

Abstract: In some implementations, a first access point (AP) selects one or more other APs for participation with the first AP in a coordinated access point transmission session. The first AP obtains a transmission opportunity (TXOP), and transmits a frame indicating scheduling information for uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) transmissions to or from the selected APs, the scheduling information indicating a respective start time for the UL or DL transmissions to or from the selected APs, at least two of the start times being offset from one another by a time period associated with decoding a preamble of a wireless packet. The first AP transmits or receives wireless packets to or from one or more associated stations (STAs) at least partially concurrently with the transmission or reception of wireless packets by the selected APs to or from their respective associated STAs based on the scheduling information.

Abstract: A transmitting (Tx) access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) may be configured to designate a parent ML element and at least one child ML element in the network management frame, e.g., the beacon frame or probe response frame, and at least one non-AP MLD may be configured to receive the network management frame and apply the parent ML element to the child ML element.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for enhanced bandwidth puncturing. Some implementations more specifically relate to punctured channel indications that support channel puncturing over a range of bandwidths achievable in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11be amendment, and future generations, of the IEEE 802.11 standard. In some implementations, an access point (AP) may communicate static punctured channel information to each associated wireless station (STA) in its BSS. In some other implementations, a transmit opportunity (TXOP) holder may communicate dynamic punctured channel information to a TXOP responder with which it intends to communicate. Still further, in some implementations, the TXOP responder may communicate additional punctured channel information to the TXOP holder responsive to the dynamic punctured channel information.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for transmitting and receiving, between an access point (AP) and one or more stations (STAs) in a basic service set (BSS), within a 3.5 GHz bandwidth. In some examples, the AP may generate a first advertisement frame comprising information configured to enable one or more communication devices to associate with the apparatus for wireless communications via a first channel in a first operating band. In some examples, the AP may output the first advertisement frame for transmission according to a first periodic interval.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications and, more particularly. A method that may be performed by an access point (AP) includes obtaining, while communicating with at least one station on a first set of channels, information regarding a second set of channels not being currently used by the AP and outputting, for transmission, an off-channel indication that identifies one or more of the second set of channels that are available to the at least one station for peer-to-peer (P2P) communications with at least one other station.

Abstract: An access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) is associated with a first communication link, and one or more secondary APs of the AP MLD are associated with one or more respective secondary communication links of the AP MLD. The first AP of the AP MLD generates a frame including a first change sequence field, one or more secondary change sequence fields, and a critical update flag subfield. The first change sequence field carries a value of the most-recent critical update for the first AP. The one or more secondary change sequence fields carry values of the most-recent critical updates for the one or more respective secondary APs. The critical update flag subfield carries an indication of a change in value of at least one of the secondary change sequence fields. The first AP transmits the frame over the first communication link of the AP MLD.

Abstract: An emulated wireless access point (AP) at a first PMC device (PMC1) establishes a first tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) session between a first station module (STA1) incorporated into the PMC1 and a second station module (STA2) incorporated into a second PMC device (PMC2). Following establishment of the TDLS session, the wireless AP is allowed to sleep; and most infrastructure management duties are handled by the STA1 during the session. PMC device battery charge may be conserved as a result. The emulated wireless AP may also establish a second TDLS link to a third station module (STA3) incorporated into a third PMC device (PMC3). The STA1 may then bridge data traffic flow between the STA2 and the STA3. Such bridging operation may enable communication between two PMC devices otherwise unable to decode data received from the other.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for protecting latency-sensitive communications among multi-link devices (MLDs). An access point (AP) MLD may establish multiple communication links with a non-AP MLD and schedule a restricted target wake time (r-TWT) service period (SP) on one of the links (the “r-TWT link”). In some aspects, when a transmit opportunity (TXOP) acquired on a non-r-TWT link overlaps the r-TWT SP, the TXOP may be extended to support an exchange of latency-sensitive traffic on the non-r-TWT link. In some other aspects, any TXOPs occurring on non-r-TWT links may be terminated prior to the start of the r-TWT SP so that latency-sensitive traffic can be exchanged on the r-TWT link during the SP. An AP MLD also may schedule SPs on multiple communication links. In some aspects, the AP MLD may transfer a TWT agreement between the communication links.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for providing energy detection based resolution in radio access technologies. In one aspect, a wireless communication device may include a first energy detection threshold (EDT) to identify a transmission opportunity in an unlicensed frequency band. The wireless communication device may detect a second wireless communication device having a second EDT to identify the transmission opportunity, the second EDT being greater than the first EDT. The wireless communication device may, based on detection of the second wireless communication device having the second EDT, modify a transmission configuration of the first wireless communication device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods and devices for managing the allocation of resources for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions associated with a scheduled time period. In some implementations, a wireless station (STA) transmits, to an access point (AP), a request frame indicating a bandwidth or a quantity of spatial streams (or both) for the UL transmissions, and indicating a bandwidth or a quantity of spatial streams (or both) for the DL transmissions. In some instances, the request frame also may indicate the STA's intention to transmit UL data as duplicates carried on different communication links. The STA receives a trigger frame indicating that the STA is scheduled to transmit or receive data during the time period. The STA transmits data to, or receives data from, one or more other devices during the time period.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for wireless communications. In one aspect, an apparatus may obtain, for a first access point (AP), a first service set identifier (SSID) associated with single-link communications and obtain, for a second AP, a second SSID associated with multi-link communications. The apparatus may obtain, from a wireless communication device, a management frame include a multi-link operation information field that carries a first SSID and obtain a multi-link indication for the wireless communication device based, at least in part, on the first SSID, the multi-link indication indicating whether the wireless communication device includes AP capable of link aggregation, and selectively associate with the wireless communication device based on the multi-link indication.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for transmitting and receiving, between an access point (AP) and one or more stations (STAs) in a basic service set (BSS), an indication of a puncturing event. In some examples, the transmitting and receiving may use non-legacy elements configured to provide information about the puncturing event. In certain aspects, the disclosure provides methods for transmitting and receiving, between the AP and one or more STAs, an indication of an operating band switch. In some examples, the transmitting and receiving may use non-legacy elements configured to provide information about the operating band switch.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for signaling parameters for peer-to-peer communications in a wireless network. One aspect provides a method for wireless communications at an access point (AP). The method generally includes: obtaining, from an access point (AP), a transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing trigger indicating a duration in which a TXOP is shared by the wireless station and one or more other devices; relaying, to the one or more other devices, information identifying parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices; and during the TXOP, communicating with the one or more other devices based on the parameters for wireless communications between the wireless station and the one or more other devices.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to multi-link communications. A method that may be performed by an access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) includes establishing a plurality of links for communication with a non-AP MLD, wherein one or more non-AP MLDs, including the non-AP MLD, communicate with the AP on each link of the plurality of links and taking one or more actions designed to ensure that the non-AP MLD is able to receive a group addressed frame. The non-AP MLD is operating in an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for protecting latency-sensitive communications during restricted target wake time (r-TWT) service periods (SPs). Some implementations more specifically relate to coordinated scheduling of r-TWT SPs between OBSSs. In some aspects, a first AP may coordinate with a second AP in scheduling r-TWT SPs so that latency-sensitive traffic in a first BSS does not interfere or collide with latency-sensitive traffic in a second BSS overlapping the first BSS. In some implementations, the first and second APs may schedule their respective r-TWT SPs to be orthogonal in time. In some other implementations, the first and second APs may schedule their r-TWT SPs to overlap in time, while allocating coordinated resources to concurrent or overlapping latency-sensitive traffic in the first and second BSSs (such as in accordance with one or more multi-AP coordination techniques).

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and methods for requesting wireless resources for peer-to-peer (P2P) communications. In some implementations, a wireless communication device transmits a frame over a wireless medium to an access point (AP), the frame including a medium access control (MAC) header carrying a request for the AP to allocate part of a transmission opportunity (TXOP) for P2P communications between the wireless communication device and a client device. The wireless communication device receives a trigger frame allocating a portion of the TXOP for the P2P communications, and transmits or receives P2P data to or from the client device over the wireless medium during the allocated portion of the TXOP. In some instances, the MAC header of the frame includes a Quality-of-Service (QoS) Control field carrying the request. In some other instances, the MAC header of the frame includes an Aggregated-Control (A-Control) subfield carrying the request.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless communication that can be used for channel puncturing. A wireless station (STA) may receive an indication of a first puncturing pattern to be used for transmitting or receiving data over a wireless channel, where the first puncturing pattern is defined by a first wireless communication protocol release and the STA is configured to operate according to a second wireless communication protocol release. The STA may select, from a set of puncturing patterns defined by the second wireless communication protocol release, a second puncturing pattern that includes one or more non-punctured subchannels that are subsets of one or more corresponding non-punctured subchannels of the first puncturing pattern. The STA may use the second puncturing pattern to transmit or receive one or more packets over the wireless channel.