Abstract: Embodiments may include a nucleic acid molecule system. The system may include a nucleic acid polymerase attached to a tether compound. The polymerase may be configured to elongate a nascent strand. The system may also include a nucleotide attached to a label compound. The label compound may include a moiety. The system may further include a transistor in electrical communication with a power supply. The polymer may be attached to the transistor. In addition, the system may include a meter device configured to measure an electrical characteristic of the transistor from the moiety after the label compound is cleaved from the nucleotide by the nucleic acid polymerase.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to automated systems including an electrophoretic device including one or more separation conduits. In some embodiments, the automated systems are suitable for use in sample cleanup and/or target enrichment processes, such as sample cleanup and/or target enrichment processes conducted prior to sequencing, e.g., next generation sequencing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of single-molecule array sequencing (SMAS) devices and systems. Each sensor of an array of sensors of the SMAS device is capable of detecting labels attached to nucleotides incorporated into a single nucleic acid strand bound to a respective binding site. Each sensor can detect a single label (e.g., fluorescent, magnetic, organometallic, charged molecule, etc.) attached to the incorporated nucleotide. Also disclosed are methods of using SMAS devices and systems for highly-scalable nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) sequencing based on sequencing by synthesis (SBS) of multiple instances of clonally amplified DNA immobilized on such SMAS devices. Also disclosed are error correction methods that mitigate errors (e.g., errant label detections or non-detections) made in sequencing individual nucleic acid strands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making nanopores in thin layers or monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides that enables accurate and controllable formation of pore within those thin layer(s) with sub-nanometer precision.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to devices and methods for effecting epitachophoresis. Epitachophoresis may be used to effect sample analysis, such as by selective separation, detection, extraction, and/or pre-concentration of target analytes such as, for example, DNA, RNA, and/or other biological molecules. Said target analytes may be collected following epitachophoresis and used for desired downstream applications and further analysis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may allow for the analysis of molecules by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. A tunneling junction of the present technology can include an insulating layer between two electrodes. A voltage may be applied to the electrodes. When a molecule makes contact with both electrodes, the molecule allows current to tunnel through the molecule. The characteristics of the current may aid in identifying a portion of the molecule, for example, a particular nucleotide or base present in a nucleic acid molecule. Methods and systems for analysis of molecules are described.

Abstract: A microfluidic chip with an array of pillars for directing flow of beads is used to measure reaction kinetics. A stream may be continuously drawn from the reaction volume into the microfluidic chip. The bead is attached to a primary antibody. The reaction volume has an antigen and a second antibody with a label. The primary antibody binds to the antigen, and the secondary antibody binds to the antigen, creating a sandwich of bead, antigen, and label. The binding reactions occur over time in the reaction volume. The beads may be imaged after traversing a laminar wash buffer, and the signal intensity is measured. Each bead provides a kinetic monitoring of the immunoassay over the reaction time at which the bead is removed from the reaction media. Methods and systems are described in this disclosure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses for nucleic acid sequencing using magnetic labels (e.g., magnetic particles) and magnetic sensors. Also disclosed are methods of making and using such apparatuses. An apparatus for nucleic acid sequencing comprises a plurality of magnetic sensors, a plurality of binding areas disposed above the plurality of magnetic sensors, each of the binding areas for holding fluid, and at least one line for detecting a characteristic of at least a first magnetic sensor of the plurality of magnetic sensors, the characteristic indicating presence or absence of one or more magnetic nanoparticles coupled to a first binding area associated with the first magnetic sensor.

Abstract: Molecules may be analyzed (e.g., sequencing of nucleic acid molecules) by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. Embodiments of the present invention may allow detecting individual nucleotides and the sequencing of a nucleic acid molecule using a tunneling junction. By labeling a specific nucleotide with a moiety, tunneling junctions may generate a signal with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio. The tunneling recognition uses a tunneling current that is mostly through the moiety rather than mostly through the nucleotide or a portion of the molecule of interest. Because a single nucleotide can be detected with a signal with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio resulting from the tunneling current passing through the moiety, embodiments of the present invention may allow for fast detection of nucleotides using a tunneling current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making nanopores in thin layers or monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides that enables accurate and controllable formation of pore within those thin layer(s) with sub-nanometer precision.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for monitoring single-molecule biological processes using magnetic sensors and magnetic particles (MNP). A MNP is attached to a biopolymer (e.g., a nucleic acid, protein, etc.), and motion of the MNP is detected and/or monitored using a magnetic sensor. Because the MNP is small (e.g., its size is comparable to the size of the molecule being monitored) and is tethered to a biopolymer, changes in the volume of Brownian motion of the MNP in a solution can be monitored to monitor the movement of the MNP and, by inference, the tethered biopolymer. The magnetic sensor is small (e.g., nanoscale or having a size on the order of the sizes of the MNP and the biopolymer) and can be used to detect even small changes in the position of the MNP within the sensing region of the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may allow for the analysis of molecules by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. A tunneling junction of the present technology can include an insulating layer between two electrodes. A voltage may be applied to the electrodes. When a molecule makes contact with both electrodes, the molecule allows current to tunnel through the molecule. The characteristics of the current may aid in identifying a portion of the molecule, for example, a particular nucleotide or base present in a nucleic acid molecule. Methods and systems for analysis of molecules are described.

Abstract: Methods for analyzing a nucleic acid molecule are described. Methods may include attaching the nucleic acid molecule to a particle having a first characteristic dimension. In addition, methods may include applying an electric field through an aperture to move the particle to the aperture. Also, methods may include applying a voltage across a first electrode and a second electrode. Further, methods may include contacting a portion of the nucleic acid molecule to both the first electrode and the second electrode within the aperture, where the portion may include a nucleotide. In addition, methods may include measuring a current through the first electrode, the portion of the nucleic acid molecule, and the second electrode, where the measured current runs in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the aperture. Also, methods may include identifying the nucleotide of the portion of the nucleic acid molecule based on the current.

Abstract: Molecules may be analyzed (e.g., sequencing of nucleic acid molecules) by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. Embodiments of the present invention may allow detecting individual nucleotides and the sequencing of a nucleic acid molecule using a tunneling junction. By labeling a specific nucleotide with a moiety, tunneling junctions may generate a signal with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio. The tunneling recognition uses a tunneling current that is mostly through the moiety rather than mostly through the nucleotide or a portion of the molecule of interest. Because a single nucleotide can be detected with a signal with a suitable signal-to-noise ratio resulting from the tunneling current passing through the moiety, embodiments of the present invention may allow for fast detection of nucleotides using a tunneling current.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to devices for effecting epitachophoresis. Epitachophoresis may be used to effect sample analysis, such as by selective separation, detection, extraction, and/or pre-concentration of target analytes such as, for example, DNA, RNA, and/or other biological molecules. Said target analytes may be collected following epitachophoresis and used for desired downstream applications and further analysis.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecule analysis systems are described. The system may include a nucleic acid molecule attached to a particle with a characteristic dimension. The system may also include an aperture defined by a first electrode, a first insulator, and a second electrode. The aperture may have a characteristic dimension less than the characteristic dimension of the particle. The system may further include a first power supply in electrical communication with the first electrode and the second electrode. In addition, the system may include a second power supply configured to apply an electric field through the aperture. In some embodiments, the aperture may be defined by a first insulator. A portion of the first electrode may extend into the aperture. A portion of the second electrode may extend into the aperture.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for sequencing target polynucleotide molecules. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of sequencing by synthesis where different subsets of nucleotide-conjugate complexes are sequentially formed and detected during each iterative extension of a plurality of nascent nucleic acid copy strands, where each nascent nucleic acid copy strand is complementary to one of a plurality of target polynucleotide molecules. In some embodiments, the plurality of target polynucleotide molecules are arrayed on a solid support.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to automated systems including a microfluidic chip having one or more independently operable processing conduits. In some embodiments, the automated systems are suitable for use in sample cleanup and/or target enrichment processes, such as sample cleanup and/or target enrichment processes conducted prior to sequencing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diagnostic test and technology. In particular, it relates to a method for determining an analyte suspected to be present in a sample comprising contacting said sample with at least one sensor element comprising at least one binding agent which is capable of specifically binding to the analyte and which comprises at least one magnetic label; and in functional proximity thereto a magnetic tunnel junction generating a signal which is altered upon binding of the analyte to the binding agent for a time and under conditions which allow for specific binding of the analyte suspected to be present in the sample to the at least one binding agent, measuring an altered signal generated by the magnetic tunnel junction upon analyte binding to the at least one binding agent comprising the at least one magnetic label, and determining the analyte based on the altered signal which is generated by the magnetic tunnel junction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making nanopores in thin layers or monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides that enables accurate and controllable formation of pore within those thin layer(s) with sub-nanometer precision.