Abstract: Signal transmission system includes a processor (SEPAR) for isolating an estimate (IL) for at least one wanted signal (XL) contained in at least one mixed signal (Ea). At least one sensor (Ma) detects the mixed signal which includes at least the wanted signal (XL) and at least two correlated interference signals (Pa, Pb) generated in response respectively to two correlated electric signals (CRa, CRb). The processor (SEPAR) receives on the input the detected mixed signal (Ea) and the two correlated electric signals (CRa, CRb). By decorrelating the estimate (IL) relative respectively to the correlated electric signals (CRa, CRb), the processing means extracts the estimate (IL) of the wanted.

Abstract: A telephone is disclosed having an automatic gain control circuit and a processor which separates a local signal into a sound signal and a speech signal. The automatic gain control circuit selects a gain value based on sound levels of the sound signal when the speech signal indicates an absence of speech. The telephone also has a variable gain amplifier to amplify a received signal. The gain of the amplifier is selected from stored gain values which are stored in a memory of the telephone in a table format and are a function of the sound signal and volume levels of the sound signal chosen by a user. An input device of the telephone allows the user to select one of the volume levels.

Abstract: A filter for treating a plurality of channels in a television signal cable distribution system comprises a plurality of paralel bandpass filters having a frequency which is individually controlled by frequency control voltages. A master filter provided with a filtering cell of a type identical to that used in a bandpass filter corresponds to each bandpass filter. For adjusting the central frequency of a master filter, a frequency is applied thereto by a frequency synthesizer and the cell is aligned with this frequency by acting on its frequency control voltage. This voltage is simultaneously applied to a bandpass filter for controlling the frequency, which is thus aligned with the frequency of the synthesizer simultaneously with that of the corresponding master filter. Each couple consisting of a bandpass filter and a corresponding master filter is realized by means of integration on the same semiconductor substrate (IC).

Abstract: A source separation system (10) processes input signals formed by mixtures of primary signals originating from sources and estimates the primary signals so that the estimates do not differ even in the presence of non-stationary input signals. The system includes a first separation sub-assembly (12) which produces first estimates of the primary signals, a second sub-assembly (14) which adaptively determines the separation coefficients, and a third sub-assembly (15) which standardizes the first estimates and produces first standardized estimates used for the calculation of the separation coefficients. An output module (17) produces estimates which have between them the same proportionality ratio as that existing between the primary signals. A selection module (19) avoids an estimate being duplicated on various outputs in the case where certain primary signals are absent or very weak.

Abstract: The system includes a base station (1) which communicates with a plurality of data carriers (2.sub.1, 2.sub.2) via wireless links. In order to enable the station (1) to identify several data carriers simultaneously, the system includes a device (15) for the separation of sources and also several demodulation units (12.sub.1, 12.sub.2).Depending on the type of modulation, the type of link used, and the arrangement of the source separation device (15) with respect to the demodulation units, the signals received by the source separation device can be convolutional mixtures or instantaneous linear mixtures of the signals transmitted by the data carriers. In order to process the different types of signal received, the source separation device may have a recursive structure, a direct structure or a mixed structure.

Abstract: Source separation system for processing input signals (E.sub.i (t)) formed by instantaneous linear mixtures of primary signals (X.sub.j (t)) that result from sources (S1-Sn) and for producing at least one estimated primary signal (x.sub.k (t)) . The system includes separation apparatus (10) and characterization apparatus (15) which determine cumulants of the input signals for extracting estimated mixing coefficients (.alpha..sub.ij). The coefficients are transformed into separation coefficients (C.sub.ki, d.sub.ki) in the separation apparatus (10). The separation apparatus (10) may have a direct structure or a recursive structure.

Abstract: A source characterization system (8) which, starting from linear convolutive mixtures E(t) of primary signals X(t) from sources (S1-Sn), determines signals F(t) which form an estimate of a characteristic variable of at least one primary signal X(t). This variable may be an average energy, a spectral density or an autocorrelation function. A pre-processing device (20) enables the signals E(t) from the mixtures to be pre-processed before they are applied to the source separation device (10). The measured variable may serve to retroact on the operation of the sources. The source characterization system may be used for the control of apparatuses for transmitting and/or receiving electric, acoustic or electromagnetic signals.

Abstract: A neural digital processor (10) that includes circuitry (14) for applying a function ANLF to neural potentials. ANLF approximates a non-linear activation function NLF. The circuitry includes another neural processor which operates with another non-linear activation function CNLF. CNLF is a simple function, for example a ramp. The circuitry (14) may comprise elements (36.sub.1, 36.sub.2, 64) in common with apparatus (75) for calculating a derivative of the approximation function ANLF. The precision of approximation of the non-linear activation function NLF can be predetermined.

Abstract: A neural processor includes neural calculation apparatus (30, NQ, RQ) which normalize an input data X with respect to another input data Y. It performs a division of X by Y in order to determine a quotient Q. The calculation apparatus are programmed to calculate (30) by iteration, a series of contributions .DELTA.Q.sub.i which are used (NQ, RQ) to update a partial quotient QP which becomes the quotient Q at the end of calculation. The calculation can be performed on an arbitrary arithmetic base which determines the number of neurons utilized and also the accuracy of calculation. It is also possible to utilize a partial remainder RP. Several programming modes are presented.

Abstract: A neural processor, including neural calculation apparatus (30, NQ, RQ) which normalize an input data X with respect to another input data Y. The calculation apparatus performs a division of X by Y in order to determine a quotient Q. The calculation apparatus is trained to calculate by iteration a series of contributions .DELTA.Q.sub.i which are used to update a partial quotient QP which becomes the quotient Q at the end of calculation. Calculation can be performed on an arbitrary arithmetic base which determines the number of neurons utilized and also the accuracy of the calculation. It is also possible to utilize a partial remainder RP.

Abstract: A neural processor, comprising neural calculation apparatus (30, NQ, RQ) which extracts a root Q of a quantity X, said root constituting either a norm of a data or a distance between data. The calculation apparatus calculates (30) by iteration a series of contributions .DELTA.Q.sub.i which are used (NQ, RQ) to update a partial root QP which becomes the root Q at the end of calculation. The calculation can be performed on an arbitrary arithmetic base which determines the number of neurons utilized and also the accuracy of calculation. It is possible to execute the calculation of a partial remainder (NR, RR). Several programming modes are presented.

Abstract: Control device for a buffer memory which distinguishes information of the "instruction" type and information of the "data" type, and which replaces stored information with current information according to at least replacement algorithm. It comprises partitioning means (30) which make available, for at least one of the said types of information therefore called a limited type, a limited amount of memory, delocalized in the buffer memory, and, when a current information item has to be loaded while the said limited amount has been overloaded by the stored information of limited type, replacement means (40) load it by priority by replacing a stored replaceable information item of limited type. The value of the said limited amount can be updated. The partitioning means (30) and the replacement means (40) can be programmed means.

Abstract: A neural processor, comprising neural calculation apparatus (30, NQ, RQ) which extracts a root Q of a quantity X, said root constituting either a norm of a data or a distance between data. The calculation apparatus calculates (30) by iteration a series of contributions .DELTA.Q.sub.i which are used (NQ, RQ) to update a partial root QP which becomes the root Q at the end of calculation. The calculation can be performed on an arbitrary arithmetic base which determines the number of neurons utilized and also the accuracy of calculation. It is also possible to execute the calculation of a partial remainder (NR, RR). Several programming modes are presented.

Abstract: An apparatus (5) for generating an approximation function based on first pairs ((X.sub.1, Y.sub.1) to (X.sub.6, Y.sub.6)) of values associating a dependent variable (Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.6) with an independent variable (X.sub.1 to X.sub.6), and for determining second pairs (X.sub.A, Y'.sub.A) of values of said variables in accordance with said approximation function. The apparatus comprises: a) first means (10) for iteratively determining at least one current linear regression function, for selecting that one of the current linear functions which produces the approximation of all the pairs of said series with minimal errors, and for coding the selected linear regression function with the aid of specific codes (p, q), and b) second means (17) for determining said second pairs (X.sub.A, Y'.sub.A) with the aid of said specific codes.

Abstract: The relationship between the input and output of a signal transfer circuit, such as a tune circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, an amplifier, etc., is determined by the circuit response to the input signal. The value of the circuit response (R) is controlled by the value (V) of a control signal supplied thereto. According to the invention, the relationship between the latter values is approximated by a linear regression function based on a number of measured first pairs of response/control signal values and based on such regression function a transcoder determines control signal values for providing response values of the circuit in accordance with second pairs of response/control signal values.

Abstract: A circuit forming an active RC filter for use as a band-stop filter in high and very-high frequency domains, having a second order transfer function, comprising a circuit that includes a building block for performing a filtering and amplifying function, and a building block S.sub.3 for performing the summation V.sub.S of the circuit output signal and the signal V.sub.E applied to the input E of the circuit, characterized in that the filter building block is formed by a series arrangement of two filter building blocks F.sub.1 and F.sub.2 each having a first order all-pass function, and in that the circuit also includes an amplifier building block A.sub.1 in a series arrangement with the filter building blocks F.sub.1, F.sub.2, inserted between the output of the latter building blocks and the output of the circuit, in that the input signal V.sub.E is applied on the other hand to the summation building block S.sub.3 through an amplifier A.sub.2, and in that the summation building block S.sub.

Abstract: An active filter circuit operable in a band-rejection mode and in an all-pass mode. A cascade combination of an RC filter and amplifier circuit receives an input signal. A pair of amplifiers respectively receive the input signal and the output of the RC filter and amplifier combination. The outputs of the amplifier pair are summed, and the circuit mode is determined by the RC component values and the amplifier gains.