Abstract: An apparatus provides computing sources of functionality, each computing source of functionality presents a service and exists in any computing environment of the apparatus. The apparatus associates a semantic service description (SSD) with the service. The SSD has a semantic description of the service, including a semantic description of a parameter of the service, according to a computer interpretable language, and, as a service grounding, a mapping between the computer interpretable language expressing the SSD and an interface, including an interface parameter, of the service.

Abstract: A computer-based system securely transmitting and authenticating a transaction input by a user while retaining the anonymity of the user with respect to content of the transaction, including a device encoding the content of the transaction input by the user with a key known only to another device, encoding other portions of the transaction with another key known only to a secure transaction server, and sending the encoded content of the transaction and the encoded other portions of the transaction to the secure transaction server to authenticate an identity of the user of the device, wherein the secure transaction server decodes the other portions of the transaction and sends the encoded content of the transaction to the another device to be finally decoded.

Abstract: A method for assisting a user with procurement decisions, sourcing decisions and strategic sourcing decisions in an enterprise is disclosed. The method implements a plurality of software modules in a logical workflow process based on the results of integrating and analyzing data. The workflow process provides a plurality of steps for discovering data, analyzing data, alerting the user about the data, recommending actions to the user based on the data, and executing those actions. The workflow process is based on a Value Chain Intelligence (VCI) system, which integrates and analyzes internal data from enterprises and external data from suppliers, catalogs, and marketplaces in real time for their impact on supply chains processes. Components for such a system may consist of internal data collection components, external data collection components, data integration components, and data application components.

Abstract: A mobile phone system and method of initializing, at a secure transaction server (STS), a mobile payment software with a software authentication parameter, as an authentic mobile payment software; providing an STS correlation between a personal identification entry (PIE) and the authentic mobile payment software; installing, in a mobile phone, the authentic mobile payment software; and inputting, by a user, the PIE to the installed authentic mobile payment software to generate according to the PIE and the software authentication parameter a transformed secure authenticable mobile phone cashless monetary transaction over the mobile phone network, as a mobile phone wireless wallet of the user of the mobile phone. The mobile phone authenticable cashless monetary transaction is performed according to an agreement view(s) protocol.

Abstract: A system for conducting an agreement between two parties relying on a trusted a third party includes a first party generating a first view of the agreement and transmitting the first view of the agreement to the third party, a second party independently generating a second view of the agreement and transmitting the second view of the agreement to the third party, a wireless network connecting the first party and the second party, and a wired or wireless network connecting the second party to the third party. The trusted third party, receives the first view of the agreement and the second view of the agreement, verifies conditions including that the identities of the parties that transmitted the agreements and that the independent views of the agreement are consistent with each other, and takes action to execute the agreement if the conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide a secure transaction server (STS); provide an authentic point of sale (POS) device, according to a first authentication parameter of the STS; provide an authentic mobile purchasing device, according to a second authentication parameter of the STS; provide a short-range communication method between the POS device and the mobile purchasing device; correlate by the STS a personal identification entry (PIE) and the authentic mobile purchasing device; transmit, by the POS device, a time dependent transformed secure POS authenticable POS purchase action to the STS; input the PIE to the mobile purchasing device to transmit a time dependent transformed secure user authenticable POS purchase action to the POS device via the short-range communication method; and approve, by the STS, the POS purchase action for the POS device and for the mobile purchasing device, according to the authentic POS device, and according to the authentic mobile purchasing device and the STS correlating of the PIE a

Abstract: According to one embodiment, generating a dictionary and determining a co-occurrence context includes accessing a domain corpus comprising articles. Each article corresponds to a particular topic and comprises one or more terms that link to one or more other articles corresponding to one or more other topics. Each topic is designated as a term to yield a dictionary. A co-occurrence context is defined for the domain corpus. At least two terms appearing in the co-occurrence context are considered co-occurring. Co-occurrences among the terms are calculated according to the co-occurrence context.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, generating a domain corpus includes accessing a knowledge base. The knowledge base comprises a set of articles. Each article corresponds to a particular topic and comprises one or more terms that link to other articles corresponding to other topics. A first set of first articles is selected from the knowledge base for a domain corpus. A second set of second articles related to the first set of first articles is identified. The second set of second articles is selected from the knowledge base for the domain corpus. The domain corpus is made available to access.

Abstract: In one embodiment, generating an ontology includes accessing an inverted index comprising a plurality of inverted index lists. An inverted index list may correspond to a term of a language. Each inverted index list may comprise a term identifier of the term and one or more document identifiers indicating one or more documents of a document set in which the term appears. The embodiment also includes generating a term identifier index according to the inverted index. The term identifier index comprises a plurality of sections and each section corresponds to a document. Each section may comprise one or more term identifiers of one or more terms that appear in the document.

Abstract: Task Computing computer system by segmenting the system into a plurality of implementation tiers of a presentation layer, a remote procedure call programming interface (API), a middleware layer to which the presentation layer interfaces via the remote procedure call API to real-time, dynamically generate a computer implemented task interface at the presentation layer to a semantically described source of function as a service on a computer system, and a service layer and a function source realization layer providing the semantically described source of function as the service on the computer system to which the middleware layer interfaces. Real-time and dynamically composing an executable task that comprises one or more services using the generated task interface at the presentation layer to one or more services on the computer based upon the semantically described application-, device- and service-rich computer.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, display of a graphical cloud of a graphical user interface is facilitated. The graphical cloud comprises a user entry field and a domain interface. A set of input terms entered into the user entry field are received. A selected domain entered into the domain interface is received. One or more output terms related to the input terms and specific to the selected domain are determined. Display of the graphical cloud comprising the output terms is facilitated.

Abstract: A pay-per-connection system is coupled to a network service provider and to a client computer. The pay-per-connection system receives payment and a passcode from a user, determines duration of use based on the payment, and provides access by the client computer to the network service provider based on the payment and the passcode without advance sign-up by the user with the network service provider.

Abstract: Pervasive security is provided by a combination of physical interfaces and network interfaces to a service to a user includes establishing by the user's client device network connectivity to the service, transmitting by the service an identifier to the user's client device, determining by the service whether the user enters the identifier into the service in physical proximity to the service, and invoking the service once the user has entered the identifier into the service while in physical proximity to the service. The service can provide indication that the service has been granted by sending a control page to the user's client device.

Abstract: A method, and an apparatus performing the method, is provided by authenticating a mobile device communicably connectable to a wireless network by an authentication parameter from a secure transaction server (STS), as a mobile device authenticator; providing an STS correlation between a personal identification entry (PIE) and the mobile device authenticator; and inputting, by a user, the PIE and a provider action, to the mobile device authenticator to transmit a transformed secure user authenticable authorization request to the STS over the wireless network to authorize an action with a provider.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, facilitating display of terms includes facilitating display of a graphical user interface. One or more first input terms entered into a user entry window of the graphical user interface are received. One or more first output terms related to the first input terms are determined. Display of a first graphical cloud comprising the first output terms is facilitated. The first input terms are modified to yield one or more second input terms. One or more second output terms related to the second input terms are determined. Display of a second graphical cloud comprising the second output terms is facilitated.

Abstract: In one embodiment, display of a user entry window of a graphical user interface is initiated. Search terms entered into the user entry window to initiate a first search are received. One or more first search results from a corpus of documents are determined according to the search terms. Display of the search terms at a current search terms window of the graphical user interface is initiated. Display of the first search results at a search results window of the graphical user interface is initiated. Display of the first search suggestions at a search suggestion window of the graphical user interface is initiated.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a set of target search terms for a search is received. Candidate terms are selected, where a candidate term is selected to reduce an ontology space of the search. The candidate terms are to a computer to recommend the candidate terms as search terms. In another embodiment, a document stored in one or more tangible media is accessed. A set of target tags for the document is received. Terms are selected, where a term is selected to reduce an ontology space of the document. The terms are sent to a computer to recommend the terms as tags.

Abstract: In one embodiment, modeling topics includes accessing a corpus comprising documents that include words. Words of a document are selected as keywords of the document. The documents are clustered according to the keywords to yield clusters, where each cluster corresponds to a topic. A statistical distribution is generated for a cluster from words of the documents of the cluster. A topic is modeled using the statistical distribution generated for the cluster corresponding to the topic.

Abstract: In one embodiment, generating an ontology includes accessing an inverted index that comprises inverted index lists for words of a language. An inverted index list corresponding to a word indicates pages that include the word. A word pair comprises a first word and a second word. A first inverted index list and a second inverted index list are searched, where the first inverted index list corresponds to the first word and the second inverted index list corresponds to the second word. An affinity between the first word and the second word is calculated according to the first inverted index list and the second inverted index list. The affinity describes a quantitative relationship between the first word and the second word. The affinity is recorded in an affinity matrix, and the affinity matrix is reported.

Abstract: In one embodiment, assigning tags to a document includes accessing the document, where the document comprises text units that include words. The following is performed for each text unit: a subset of words of a text unit is selected as candidate tags, relatedness is established among the candidate tags, and certain candidate tags are selected according to the established relatedness to yield a candidate tag set for the text unit. Relatedness between the candidate tags of each candidate tag set and the candidate tags of other candidate tag sets is determined. At least one candidate tag is assigned to the document according to the determined relatedness.