Abstract: A device comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a first contact, and a second contact. The first transistor comprises a first gate structure, first source/drain regions on opposite sides of the first gate structure, and first gate spacers spacing the first gate structure apart from the first source/drain regions. The second transistor comprises a second gate structure, second source/drain regions on opposite sides of the second gate structure, and second gate spacers spacing the second gate structure apart from the second source/drain regions. The first contact forms a first contact interface with one of the first source/drain regions. The second contact forms a second contact interface with one of the second source/drain regions. An area ratio of the first contact interface to top surface the first source/drain region is greater than an area ratio of the second contact interface to top surface of the second source/drain region.

Abstract: A certificate requesting method, a certificate issuing method, a certificate system and a computer-readable medium thereof are provided, in which subscriber identity identification information, a private key and a public key certificate bound to a first security chip are converted into a private key bound to a second security chip via an online identity authentication procedure, and the corresponding public key certificate is issued by a certificate authority server, so as to improve the usability, the convenience and the security thereof.

Abstract: A method is provided, including following operations: activating a first word line to couple a first bit line with a second bit line to form a first conductive loop through a first transistor having a first terminal coupled to the first bit line and a second transistor having a first terminal coupled to the second bit line, wherein second terminals of the first and second transistors are coupled together; activating a second word line to couple a third bit line with a fourth bit line to form a second conductive loop, wherein the first and second word lines are disposed below the first to fourth bit lines; and identifying that the first conductive loop, the second conductive loop, or the combinations thereof is short-circuited or open-circuited.

Abstract: A magneto-rheological fluid damper includes a housing, a magnetically permeable body, a spindle, and a magneto-rheological fluid. Given a plurality of multi-pole two-way magnetic poles and a plurality of multi-pole coils, magnetic lines pass through the magneto-rheological fluid mostly in a direction perpendicular to a gap, such that the magneto-rheological fluid features an enhanced chaining force. Accordingly, the magneto-rheological fluid damper enables an increase in a magnetically permeable area of the magneto-rheological fluid subjected to an applied magnetic field and enhancement of damping force, and is free from a complete system failure.

Abstract: A magneto-rheological fluid damper includes a housing, a magnetically permeable body, a spindle, and a magneto-rheological fluid. Given a plurality of multi-pole two-way magnetic poles and a plurality of multi-pole coils, magnetic lines pass through the magneto-rheological fluid mostly in a direction perpendicular to a gap, such that the magneto-rheological fluid features an enhanced chaining force. Accordingly, the magneto-rheological fluid damper enables an increase in a magnetically permeable area of the magneto-rheological fluid subjected to an applied magnetic field and enhancement of damping force, and is free from a complete system failure.