Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes a primary differential amplifier circuit connected to receive a differential input and provide a primary differential output with a first non-linearity. A secondary differential amplifier circuit is connected to receive the differential input. The secondary differential amplifier circuit is configured to generate a secondary differential output with a second non-linearity. The secondary differential output and the primary differential output are coupled together with opposing polarities such that the second non-linearity cancels out at least the first non-linearity.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes a primary differential amplifier circuit connected to receive a differential input and provide a primary differential output with a first non-linearity. A secondary differential amplifier circuit is connected to receive the differential input. The secondary differential amplifier circuit is configured to generate a secondary differential output with a second non-linearity. The secondary differential output and the primary differential output are coupled together with opposing polarities such that the second non-linearity cancels out at least the first non-linearity.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving interactions with and between computers in content communicating, displaying, generating, hosting and/or providing systems supported by or configured with personal computing devices, servers and/or platforms. The systems interact to identify and retrieve data within or across platforms, which can be used to improve the quality of data used in processing interactions between or among processors in such systems. The disclosed systems and methods determine and display message content within a portion of a message inbox in a manner that is specific to the type message content. According to some embodiments, when a message is received in a message inbox of a user, the message content can be opened for display within a dedicated portion of the inbox, thereby enabling improved message content retrieval, access and navigation within a message platform or message application.

Abstract: A tannic acid curing agent and a preparation method thereof are provided. The present invention uses tannic acid as a raw material and the long fatty chain of 10-undecenoyl chloride is introduced into the tannic acid structure to obtain the tannic acid curing agent. The preparation method includes the following steps: mixing tannic acid, 10-undecenoyl chloride, a catalyst and a solvent for a substitution reaction to obtain undecylenyl tannic acid, in which the catalyst includes an acid binding agent and 4-diaminopyridine, and the solvent includes ethyl acetate and N,N-dimethylformamide; mixing the undecylenyl tannic acid, a mercapto compound, a solvent and a photoinitiator for an addition reaction under an ultraviolet irradiation to obtain the tannic acid curing agent, in which the mercapto compound is a mercapto carboxylic acid compound or a mercapto alcohol compound.

Abstract: A tannic acid curing agent and a preparation method thereof are provided. The present invention uses tannic acid as a raw material and the long fatty chain of 10-undecenoyl chloride is introduced into the tannic acid structure to obtain the tannic acid curing agent. The preparation method includes the following steps: mixing tannic acid, 10-undecenoyl chloride, a catalyst and a solvent for a substitution reaction to obtain undecylenyl tannic acid, in which the catalyst includes an acid binding agent and 4-diaminopyridine, and the solvent includes ethyl acetate and N, N-dimethylformamide; mixing the undecylenyl tannic acid, a mercapto compound, a solvent and a photoinitiator for an addition reaction under an ultraviolet irradiation to obtain the tannic acid curing agent, in which the mercapto compound is a mercapto carboxylic acid compound or a mercapto alcohol compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving interactions with and between computers in content communicating, displaying, generating, hosting and/or providing systems supported by or configured with personal computing devices, servers and/or platforms. The systems interact to identify and retrieve data within or across platforms, which can be used to improve the quality of data used in processing interactions between or among processors in such systems. The disclosed systems and methods determine and display message content within a portion of a message inbox in a manner that is specific to the type message content. According to some embodiments, when a message is received in a message inbox of a user, the message content can be opened for display within a dedicated portion of the inbox, thereby enabling improved message content retrieval, access and navigation within a message platform or message application.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes a primary differential amplifier circuit connected to receive a differential input and provide a primary differential output with a first non-linearity. A secondary differential amplifier circuit is connected to receive the differential input. The secondary differential amplifier circuit is configured to generate a secondary differential output with a second non-linearity. The secondary differential output and the primary differential output are coupled together with opposing polarities such that the second non-linearity cancels out at least the first non-linearity.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving interactions between servers in a messaging system supported by or configured with content providing servers or platforms. The disclosed systems interact to filter data across platforms, which data can be used to improve the contextual quality of data used in processing interactions between or among processors in such systems. The disclosed computer systems and methods enable the communication of contextually relevant Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) content to a user's inbox. Such messages are native to a communication platform, application or service associated with the user's inbox. Such messages can be selected for delivery to a user based on the user's profile data, behavioral information, a user's geographic location, demographic information, a time period, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving interactions with and between computers in content communicating, displaying, generating, hosting and/or providing systems supported by or configured with personal computing devices, servers and/or platforms. The systems interact to identify and retrieve data within or across platforms, which can be used to improve the quality of data used in processing interactions between or among processors in such systems. The disclosed systems and methods determine and display message content within a portion of a message inbox in a manner that is specific to the type message content. According to some embodiments, when a message is received in a message inbox of a user, the message content can be opened for display within a dedicated portion of the inbox, thereby enabling improved message content retrieval, access and navigation within a message platform or message application.

Abstract: Driving a back-gate of a transistor with a follower signal that corresponds to an information signal. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are methods including: passing an information signal from a drain terminal to a source terminal of a main field effect transistor (FET), the information signal has a peak-to-peak voltage; generating a follower signal that corresponds to the information signal, the follower signal electrically isolated from the information signal, and the follower signal has a peak-to-peak voltage lower than the peak-to-peak voltage of the information signal; and applying the follower signal to a back-gate of the main FET.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving interactions between servers in a messaging system supported by or configured with content providing servers or platforms. The disclosed systems interact to filter data across platforms, which data can be used to improve the contextual quality of data used in processing interactions between or among processors in such systems. The disclosed computer systems and methods enable the communication of contextually relevant Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) content to a user's inbox. Such messages are native to a communication platform, application or service associated with the user's inbox. Such messages can be selected for delivery to a user based on the user's profile data, behavioral information, a user's geographic location, demographic information, a time period, and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a differential equalizer having: a) a first differential input, b) a second differential input, c) a first differential output, and d) a second differential output; a frequency detector coupled to the first and second differential inputs; an amplifier coupled to a first differential output and a second differential output of the differential equalizer; and a logical combiner having a first input coupled to an output of the frequency detector and an output coupled to a control input of the amplifier, wherein the logical combiner can mask at least one received de-emphasis parameter.

Abstract: Driving a back-gate of a transistor with a follower signal that corresponds to an information signal. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are methods including: passing an information signal from a source terminal to an drain terminal of a main field effect transistor (FET), the information signal has a peak-to-peak voltage; generating a follower signal that corresponds to the information signal, the follower signal electrically isolated from the information signal, and the follower signal has a peak-to-peak voltage lower than the peak-to-peak voltage of the information signal; and applying the follower signal to a back-gate of the main FET.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a differential equalizer having: a) a first differential input, b) a second differential input, c) a first differential output, and d) a second differential output; a frequency detector coupled to the first and second differential inputs; an amplifier coupled to a first differential output and a second differential output of the differential equalizer; and a logical combiner having a first input coupled to an output of the frequency detector and an output coupled to a control input of the amplifier, wherein the logical combiner can mask at least one received de-emphasis parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus for equalizing channels is provided, which is generally transparent to link training. The apparatus generally includes equalization paths formed by an input circuit, a crossbar, and an output circuit and a controller. Each equalization path is coupled to at least one of the channels, and a controller has a VGA loop, a crossbar loop, and a driver loop. The AGC loop receives a first reference voltage and provides a gain control signal to the input circuit, and the gain control network comprises a replica of at least one of the equalization paths. The crossbar loop receives a second reference voltage and provides a crossbar control signal to the crossbar. The driver loop receives a third reference voltage and provides a driver control signal for the output circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a differential equalizer having: a) a first differential input, b) a second differential input, c) a first differential output, and d) a second differential output; a frequency detector coupled to the first and second differential inputs; an amplifier coupled to a first differential output and a second differential output of the differential equalizer; and a logical combiner having a first input coupled to an output of the frequency detector and an output coupled to a control input of the amplifier, wherein the logical combiner can mask at least one received de-emphasis parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a differential equalizer having: a) a first differential input, b) a second differential input, c) a first differential output, and d) a second differential output; a frequency detector coupled to the first and second differential inputs; an amplifier coupled to a first differential output and a second differential output of the differential equalizer; and a logical combiner having a first input coupled to an output of the frequency detector and an output coupled to a control input of the amplifier, wherein the logical combiner can mask at least one received de-emphasis parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus for equalizing channels is provided, which is generally transparent to link training. The apparatus generally includes equalization paths formed by an input circuit, a crossbar, and an output circuit and a controller. Each equalization path is coupled to at least one of the channels, and a controller has a VGA loop, a crossbar loop, and a driver loop. The AGC loop receives a first reference voltage and provides a gain control signal to the input circuit, and the gain control network comprises a replica of at least one of the equalization paths. The crossbar loop receives a second reference voltage and provides a crossbar control signal to the crossbar. The driver loop receives a third reference voltage and provides a driver control signal for the output circuit.

Abstract: In bipolar CMOS or BiCMOS process technologies, drivers (such as mixed mode or hybrid mode drivers) using both bipolar and CMOS transistors (i.e., field effect transistors or FETs) may have undesirable properties, such as reduced speed, ringing, latch-up, or lower electrostatic discharge (ESD) performance. Here, a mixed or hybrid mode driver is provided that employs a current steering circuit (instead of voltages driven differential pair(s) as is done with conventional drivers) to generate pull-down currents that precisely match the voltages in the pull-up portions of driver. It increases the speed and produces smaller output common-mode voltage fluctuation over conventional drivers. Thus, the driver provided here can be produced in BiCMOS process technologies without the undesirable effects of conventional drivers.

Abstract: In bipolar CMOS or BiCMOS process technologies, drivers (such as mixed mode or hybrid mode drivers) using both bipolar and CMOS transistors (i.e., field effect transistors or FETs) may have undesirable properties, such as reduced speed, ringing, latch-up, or lower electrostatic discharge (ESD) performance. Here, a mixed or hybrid mode driver is provided that employs a current steering circuit (instead of voltages driven differential pair(s) as is done with conventional drivers) to generate pull-down currents that precisely match the voltages in the pull-up portions of driver. It increases the speed and produces smaller output common-mode voltage fluctuation over conventional drivers. Thus, the driver provided here can be produced in BiCMOS process technologies without the undesirable effects of conventional drivers.