Abstract: In the present invention, provided is an electrophotographic toner in which low temperature fixing is achieved, and high storage stability is obtained without generating tacking with respect to fixed images to be formed. It is a feature that this electrophotographic toner possesses at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent, wherein the releasing agent comprises an ester compound and an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner manufacturing method, comprising: dispersing a polyester resin prepared by condensing a polyol and a polycarboxylic acid into an aqueous medium and adjusting a polyester resin particle dispersion liquid, wherein the polyol includes an unsaturated polyol, or the polycarboxylic acid includes an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid; and adding a radical polymerization initiator to the polyester resin particle dispersion liquid to cause a radical polymerization reaction, and adjusting the obtained dispersion liquid of polyester resin particles.

Abstract: Disclosed are a toner for electrostatic image development which is able to realize enough charge stability over a long period of time as deterioration of a toner due to mechanical stress is prevented in a developing unit, and to prevent generation of filming, and an image forming method using the same. The toner for electrostatic image development contains toner particles and an external additive. The external additive includes silica fine particles whose surface is covered with a number of projections, and a number average particle diameter of the silica fine particles is 80 to 200 nm. The external additive may include small-diameter fine particles for external additive having a number average particle diameter of 5 to 45 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner comprising at least a resin and a coloring agent, wherein the resin comprises toner particles in which a polyester resin unit is cross-linked by a diatomic cross-linking group expressed by a following general formula (1): —X1Y1X1— [wherein in the formula, X1 denotes a linking group; and Y1 denotes a radical polymer unit having a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from 5000 or more to 50000 or less, and a ratio Mw/Mn ranging from 1.0 or more to 1.2 or less, wherein Mw denotes a weight average molecular weight, and Mn denotes the number average molecular weight].

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner including: a resin; coloring agent and release agent including compound or compounds represented by the following general formula (1): R1—(COO—R2)n, wherein R1 is a linking group having carbon number of 2 to 8 which may be a cyclic structure and may have a hydroxy group or fatty acid ester group; and each R2 is an alkyl group having carbon number of N, (N-2) or (N-4) independently, N is a natural number from 10 to 30, and n is a natural number from 3 to 4, R2 with carbon number of N is 80 to 97 percent by mass, R2 with carbon number of (N-2) is 0.0 to 7.8 percent by mass, R2 with carbon number of (N-4) is 3.0 to 13.0 percent by mass, R2 with carbon number of (N-4) is included 1.5 percent by mass or more than R2 with carbon number of (N-2).

Abstract: The object aims to improve the reproducibility of color and the stability in density of a toner. Disclosed is a toner comprising at least a resin and a colorant, wherein the colorant comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) and a compound represented by general formula (2). [In general formula (1), R1 to R8 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom, provided that at least one of R1 to R8 denotes a chlorine atom]. [In general formula (2), R1 to R4 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 and R6 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; R7 denotes a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m denotes a number of 1 or 2; An? denotes a chlorine ion or a sulfonic acid compound ion; and n denotes a number of 1 or 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner manufacturing method, comprising: dispersing a polyester resin prepared by condensing a polyol and a polycarboxylic acid into an aqueous medium and adjusting a polyester resin particle dispersion liquid, wherein the polyol includes an unsaturated polyol, or the polycarboxylic acid includes an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid; and adding a radical polymerization initiator to the polyester resin particle dispersion liquid to cause a radical polymerization reaction, and adjusting the obtained dispersion liquid of polyester resin particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner manufacturing method, comprising: dispersing a polyester resin prepared by condensing a polyol and an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid into an aqueous medium and preparing a polyester resin particle dispersion liquid; adding a vinyl polymerizable monomer and a radical polymerization initiator to the polyester resin particle dispersion liquid to cause a radical polymerization reaction, followed by preparing a dispersion liquid of resin particles made of a resin in which vinyl polymerizable monomers react with the polyester resin; and mixing at least the resin particles made of the resin in which the vinyl polymerizable monomers react with the polyester resin, and a dispersion liquid of coloring agent particles, and forming toner particles by making the resin particles and the coloring agent particles cohere.

Abstract: A bidirectional optical module according to the present invention comprises light emitting elements 110, 130 that emit light to enter an optical fiber 71, a light receiving element 190 that receives light having exited the optical fiber 71 and a light branching element 160 that guides the light having exited the optical fiber 71 onto the light receiving element 190. It further includes a stray light shielding member 185 disposed between the light branching element 160 and the light receiving element 190 and having formed therein an opening 186, through which the light to enter the light receiving element 190 passes. The stray light shielding member 185 blocks stray light 100b while light 100a having exited the fiber 71 passes through the opening 186. Therefore, any increase in the extent of error in the detection of the returning light level or the position of a reflecting point is prevented.

Abstract: In the present invention, provided is an eleetrophotographic toner in which low temperature fixing is achieved, and high storage stability is obtained without generating tacking with respect to fixed images to be formed. It is a feature that this electrophotogaphic toner possesses at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent, wherein the releasing agent comprises an ester compound and an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner comprising at least a resin and a coloring agent, wherein the resin comprises toner particles in which a polyester resin unit is cross-linked by a diatomic cross-linking group expressed by a following general formula (1): —X1?Y1?X1— [wherein in the formula, X1 denotes a linking group; and Y1 denotes a radical polymer unit having a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from 5000 or more to 50000 or less, and a ratio Mw/Mn ranging from 1.0 or more to 1.2 or less, wherein Mw denotes a weight average molecular weight, and Mn denotes the number average molecular weight].

Abstract: The object aims to improve the reproducibility of color and the stability in density of a toner. Disclosed is a toner comprising at least a resin and a colorant, wherein the colorant comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) and a compound represented by general formula (2). [In general formula (1), R1 to R8 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom, provided that at least one of R1 to R8 denotes a chlorine atom.] [In general formula (2), R1 to R4 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 and R6 respectively denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; R7 denotes a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m denotes a number of 1 or 2; An? denotes a chlorine ion or a sulfonic acid compound ion; and n denotes a number of 1 or 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner including: a resin; coloring agent and release agent including compound or compounds represented by the following general formula (1): R1—(COO—R2)n, wherein R1 is a linking group having carbon number of 2 to 8 which may be a cyclic structure and may have a hydroxy group or fatty acid ester group; and each R2 is an alkyl group having carbon number of N, (N-2) or (N-4) independently, N is a natural number from 10 to 30, and n is a natural number from 3 to 4, R2 with carbon number of N is 80 to 97 percent by mass, R2 with carbon number of (N-2) is 0.0 to 7.8 percent by mass, R2 with carbon number of (N-4) is 3.0 to 13.0 percent by mass, R2 with carbon number of (N-4) is included 1.5 percent by mass or more than R2 with carbon number of (N-2).

Abstract: A bidirectional optical module according to the present invention comprises light emitting elements 110, 130 that emit light to enter an optical fiber 71, a light receiving element 190 that receives light having exited the optical fiber 71 and a light branching element 160 that guides the light having exited the optical fiber 71 onto the light receiving element 190. It further includes a stray light shielding member 185 disposed between the light branching element 160 and the light receiving element 190 and having formed therein an opening 186, through which the light to enter the light receiving element 190 passes. The stray light shielding member 185 blocks stray light 100b while light 100a having exited the fiber 71 passes through the opening 186. Therefore, any increase in the extent of error in the detection of the returning light level or the position of a reflecting point is prevented.

Abstract: There is described an image-forming apparatus, which can prevent unevenness of an image by controlling the brightness of light-sources. The apparatus includes a light source, including a plurality of light-emitting elements aligned within a predetermined width; an exposure-controlling section to individually control each of intensities of light beams emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a memory section to store light-intensity compensation data for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements. The image is formed by simultaneously exposing the light beams aligned within the predetermined width onto the photosensitive recording medium, and the exposure-controlling section controls each of the plurality of light-emitting elements based on the light-intensity compensation data concerned, so that each of intensities of the light beams substantially coincides with each of target intensities set in advance.

Abstract: There is described an image-forming apparatus, which can prevent unevenness of an image by controlling the brightness of light-sources. The apparatus includes a light source, including a plurality of light-emitting elements aligned within a predetermined width; an exposure-controlling section to individually control each of intensities of light beams emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a memory section to store light-intensity compensation data for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements. The image is formed by simultaneously exposing the light beams aligned within the predetermined width onto the photosensitive recording medium, and the exposure-controlling section controls each of the plurality of light-emitting elements based on the light-intensity compensation data concerned, so that each of intensities of the light beams substantially coincides with each of target intensities set in advance.

Abstract: A black-and-white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light sensitive material having high contrast photographic characteristics and excellent antistatic properties is provided by incorporating a hydrazine compound represented by formula 1 or 2 and a nucleation-promoting compound selected from the group consisting of amine compounds and quaternary onium salts; and by coating an electrically conductive layer on a support.

Abstract: A motor drive system used with industrial robots, processing machines, and the like comprising an external interface part ready for connecting a plurality of kinds of host controllers generating a command signal; a sensor interface part to which a motor rotation detecting sensor is connected; a main control part operating for feedback control of a motor according to signals provided by way of the interfaces; and a power amplification part for feeding a current to motor coils according to a control signal from the main control part and wherein the external interface part, the sensor interface part, the main control part, and the power amplification part are separate and modularized as cards. Advantageously, the various controllers, sensors and power systems are changeable to flexibly meet different user requirements.

Abstract: A direct drive motor for use with factory automation, wherein the motor is arranged to directly obtain rotary forces without using a final reduction gear. The direct drive motor has an inner stator, an outer rotor disposed outside the inner stator with a slight air gap formed therebetween, a cylindrical rotor hub to which the outer rotor hub is internally fixed and a bearing provided in an inner cylindrical portion of the rotor hub for rotatably supporting the rotor hub.