Abstract: A vehicle slip state determination system serves to calculate an estimated vehicle speed VB, an estimated vehicle deceleration in the vehicle speed DVB, and each of wheel speed differences between right front and rear wheels and between left front and rear wheels ?VR, ?VL, respectively. The wheel speed difference ?VR, ?VL are divided into three ranges, that is, range 1, range 2, and range 3 by the speed difference upper and lower limit values JVUP and JVLO, each of which is a linear function value with respect to the estimated vehicle deceleration DVB. In the ranges 1 and 3, the vehicle traveling on the road with the low friction coefficient ? is brought into the slip state where four wheels are slipped. If the wheel speed difference at a predetermined estimated vehicle deceleration deviates from a determination range defined by the upper and lower limit values, the slip state of the vehicle, that is, the condition where the vehicle is traveling on the road with the low friction coefficient ? is determined.

Abstract: A rotating deflection unit deflects a laser light emitted from a light-emitting element and performs a scanning with the laser light. A light-intensity detecting unit detects a light intensity of the laser light. A current control unit controls a current to be supplied to the light-emitting element so that the light intensity of the laser light reaches a target light intensity. An initializing unit determines an initial current value with which the target light intensity is obtained from the light-emitting element by eliminating an influence of a noise caused by a reflected light input into the light-intensity detecting unit from the rotating deflection unit.

Abstract: A vehicle slip state determination system serves to calculate an estimated vehicle speed VB, an estimated vehicle deceleration in the vehicle speed DVB, and each of wheel speed differences between right front and rear wheels and between left front and rear wheels ?VR, ?VL, respectively. The wheel speed difference ?VR, ?VL are divided into three ranges, that is, range 1, range 2, and range 3 by the speed difference upper and lower limit values JVUP and JVLO, each of which is a linear function value with respect to the estimated vehicle deceleration DVB. In the ranges 1 and 3, the vehicle traveling on the road with the low friction coefficient ? is brought into the slip state where four wheels are slipped. If the wheel speed difference at a predetermined estimated vehicle deceleration deviates from a determination range defined by the upper and lower limit values, the slip state of the vehicle, that is, the condition where the vehicle is traveling on the road with the low friction coefficient ? is determined.

Abstract: A portable terminal has a first housing having at least a display unit, a second housing having at least a main input unit, and connected openably and closably to the first housing, and an auxiliary input unit arranged on a surface other than mutually facing surfaces of both of the housings in a closed state. The display unit is visible to user in a closed state and an opened state, a screen on the display unit is able to display a first selection screen which is appropriate for an operation by the auxiliary input unit when both of the housings are in a closed state, and a screen on the display unit is able to display a second selection screen which is appropriate for an operation by the main input unit when both of the housings are in an opened state.

Abstract: An apparatus has a printer unit, a scanner unit, a front cover that opens upward in the direction of the back surface and forms a transport path of scanner paper discharged by the scanner unit, and mounting members provided on the front cover for detachably mounting the scanner unit in such an attitude that the main scanning direction becomes horizontal. Furthermore, as the need arises, the apparatus may have a scanner paper tray member rotatably connected to the front cover at a location higher than the mounting members for feeding scanner paper to the scanner unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for detecting a difference in level on a road, wherein an acceleration sensor is provided for detecting an acceleration of a vehicle, and a wheel speed sensor is provided for detecting a wheel speed of at least one wheel of the vehicle. A wheel acceleration is calculated continuously on the basis of the wheel speed detected by the wheel speed sensor. It is determined if a variation of the signal output from the acceleration sensor is greater than a predetermined range. And, it is determined if the calculated wheel acceleration varied in the same direction as that of the variation of the signal output from the acceleration sensor, and then varied in the reverse direction to exceed a predetermined reference value. On the basis of the result of each determination, it is determined if the wheel ran over the difference in level on the road. If the affirmative result is obtained in each determination, the difference in level on the road can be detected.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an unpaved road detection system wherein a slip rate is calculated on the basis of wheel speeds detected by wheel speed sensors and a vehicle speed detected by a vehicle speed detection device. A linear acceleration sensor is provided for detecting an acceleration of the vehicle in a longitudinal direction thereof to produce a signal linearly proportional to the detected acceleration. A variation of the signal produced by the linear acceleration sensor corresponding to the variation of the slip rate is calculated. The variation of the signal is compared with a reference value. If the variation exceeds the reference value, it is determined that the vehicle is traveling on an unpaved road.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an anti-skid control system wherein at least a pressure decrease mode for decreasing a hydraulic braking pressure and a pulse pressure increase mode for intermittently increasing the hydraulic braking pressure, with a pressure increasing signal provided in accordance with the braking condition of a vehicle. Peaks of the wheel speed in the pulse pressure increase mode are detected continuously on the basis of a variation of a wheel acceleration relative to a vehicle acceleration. Then, the time when each peak of the wheel speed was detected is set as a rise timing of the pressure increasing signal in the pulse pressure increase mode, and a time period for which the pressure increasing signal outputs is adjusted, on the basis of a variation of the rotating condition of the wheel at the time when the peak of the wheel speed was detected.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for estimating the peak of a coefficient of friction in a coefficient of friction—slip rate characteristic, wherein a wheel acceleration of each wheel of a vehicle is detected, and a vehicle acceleration of the vehicle is detected. A peak estimation device is provided for estimating the peak of the coefficient of friction, and adapted to determine that the coefficient of friction is the peak when the wheel acceleration is lower than the vehicle acceleration, by more than a predetermined difference. An anti-skid control system for an automotive vehicle may be formed to include the coefficient of friction peak estimation apparatus, and a reference speed setting device for setting a reference speed for initiating a pressure decrease mode on the basis of a wheel speed and a vehicle speed detected when the peak was detected.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a hydraulic braking pressure control system which includes wheel brake cylinders, a pressure generator for supplying a hydraulic braking pressure to the wheel cylinders through two hydraulic pressure circuits, and a pressure control device disposed in the two circuits, between the pressure generator and the wheel cylinders, for controlling the hydraulic pressure in each of the wheel cylinders. The system further includes wheel speed sensors for detecting wheel speeds of the road wheels, respectively, and a braking force controller which controls the braking force by actuating the pressure control device in accordance with control modes provided in response to output signals of the wheel speed sensors.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an anti-skid control system which includes a return passage provided for communicating a wheel brake cylinder with an actuator. A pressure pump is disposed in the return passage, and a reservoir is disposed in the return passage at the inlet port's side of the pump. The reservoir stores the brake fluid in the wheel brake cylinder through the actuator to decrease the wheel cylinder pressure. The pump discharges the brake fluid stored in the reservoir into the return passage thereby to gradually increase the wheel cylinder pressure. The amount of brake fluid stored in the reservoir is estimated on the basis of the amount of brake fluid fed into the reservoir and the amount of brake fluid discharged therefrom. The amount of brake fluid fed into the reservoir is estimated on the basis of the wheel cylinder pressure provided when the pressure decreasing operation starts, and in response to the pressure decreasing time.

Abstract: In a check-out system, in which a purchaser himself who intends to purchase commercial products performs a check-out processing, having a commercial product casted portion, a stocker for stocking the commercial products, a transport unit for transporting the commercial product from the commercial product casted portion to the stocker, and a commercial product identifying unit located between the commercial product casted portion and the stocker for identifying the commercial product transported from the commercial product casted portion, the commercial product casted portion is provided with a commercial product code inputting unit for inputting a commercial product code, and a commercial product detecting unit for detecting that the commercial product is put on the transport path, and the commercial product identifying unit is provided with a commercial product code reading unit for reading the commercial product code of the commercial product being transported; and a first mode in which when the commercial

Abstract: Upon receipt of a write request to an external storage device 6 from a user program 1n, a control program 2 stores the data in a vacant area within an asynchronous input and output buffer group 31, and generates, when it is determined by examining an asynchronous input and output task management table 5 that there does not exist an asynchronous input and output execution task having a priority identical to the priority assigned to the user program 1n, an asynchronous input and output execution task having a priority in question. The asynchronous input and output execution task 4n having a priority identical to the priority of the user program 1n takes out the data from an asynchronous input and output buffer group 3 based on the storage location and the data size within the asynchronous input and output buffer group 31 delivered from the control program 2, and writes the data to the external storage device.

Abstract: A data storage system includes an uninterruptible power supply unit having a small capacity supplies electric power to devices even upon system power failure. Depending on a data write request from a user program, a control program stores the data into a disk cache buffer set in a main storage device. An asynchronous input/output (I/O) task writes the data stored in the disk cache buffer into a file of an external storage device asynchronously with processing of the control program. Upon power failure, the asynchronous I/O task saves the data of the disk cache buffer into a batched saving area of the external storage device, and before initialization of the system upon restoration of the power, the control program writes thus saved data into the file.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprised of a support base having a magnetic recording layer positioned thereon is disclosed. The recording medium has positioned an aliphatic acid ester compound on an edge portion of the surface of the recording layer. By utilizing the aliphatic acid ester the recording medium has less audio output variation and the tracking control of the medium is improved. Further, the medium has good running characteristics and excellent sensitivity.