Abstract: A dryness measurement device includes a pipe arranged in a horizontal direction, a light incident portion, and a detecting portion. The light transmitting portion has a solid shape and the light transmitting portion is arranged in a bottom portion of the pipe so that a first portion where a vertical surface crosses a horizontal plane portion of the light transmitting portion is at the same height as a second portion where the vertical surface crosses the lowest part, or so that the first portion is higher than the second portion as well as so that a portion crossing the horizontal plane portion is in the lowest position on a cross line where a cross section of the pipe including a point where light is incident on the horizontal plane portion crosses an inner surface of the pipe and the light transmitting portion.

Abstract: A dryness fraction measuring device, including a variability quantity measuring portion that measures the amount of variability in intensity of light that has been transmitted, or amount of light that has been absorbed, by moist steam that is the subject of measurement; and a dryness fraction measuring portion that measures the dryness fraction of the moist steam based on a correlation relationship between the dryness fraction and the amount of variability in the optical intensity or in the amount of light absorption.

Abstract: A dryness measurement device includes a pipe arranged in a horizontal direction, a light incident portion and a detecting portion The light transmitting portion has a solid shape and the light transmitting portion is arranged in a bottom portion of the pipe so that a first portion where a vertical surface crosses a horizontal plane portion of the light transmitting portion is at the same height as a second portion where the vertical surface crosses the lowest part, or so that the first portion is higher than the second portion as well as so that a portion crossing the horizontal plane portion is in the lowest position on a cross line where a cross section of the pipe including a point where light is incident on the horizontal plane portion crosses an inner surface of the pipe and the light transmitting portion.

Abstract: A dryness fraction distribution measuring device, includes: a light-emitting body that illuminates a gas/liquid two-phase flow with light; an environment sensor that measures at least one of temperature or pressure in a gas/liquid two-phase flow; a plurality of photodetecting elements that receive respective lights that have traversed moist steam; a relationship storing portion that stores, for each temperature or pressure, a relationship between an intensity of light that has traversed the gas/liquid two-phase flow and a dryness fraction of the gas/liquid two-phase flow; and a dryness fraction identifying portion that identifies a dryness fraction of the gas/liquid two-phase flow for each position corresponding to the plurality of photodetecting elements, based on the relationships between the measured values for the detected light intensities of the lights detected by the respective photodetecting elements and the values for the temperatures and pressures measured by the environment sensor.

Abstract: A dryness fraction measuring device, including a variability quantity measuring portion that measures the amount of variability in intensity of light that has been transmitted, or amount of light that has been absorbed, by moist steam that is the subject of measurement; and a dryness fraction measuring portion that measures the dryness fraction of the moist steam based on a correlation relationship between the dryness fraction and the amount of variability in the optical intensity or in the amount of light absorption.

Abstract: A dryness fraction distribution measuring device, includes: a light-emitting body that illuminates a gas/liquid two-phase flow with light; an environment sensor that measures at least one of temperature or pressure in a gas/liquid two-phase flow; a plurality of photodetecting elements that receive respective lights that have traversed moist steam; a relationship storing portion that stores, for each temperature or pressure, a relationship between an intensity of light that has traversed the gas/liquid two-phase flow and a dryness fraction of the gas/liquid two-phase flow; and a dryness fraction identifying portion that identifies a dryness fraction of the gas/liquid two-phase flow for each position corresponding to the plurality of photodetecting elements, based on the relationships between the measured values for the detected light intensities of the lights detected by the respective photodetecting elements and the values for the temperatures and pressures measured by the environment sensor.

Abstract: A substrate for biochips is manufactured so that the substrate has a substrate surface having a reaction region capable of reacting with biological substances and a non-reaction region not reacting with the biological substances, sunken bottomed wells formed in the substrate surface, and a layer of a material capable of reacting with the biological substances having a surface exposed only at the bottoms of the bottomed wells, the exposed surface forming the reaction region.

Abstract: A base plate having a surface on which a plurality of hydroxyl groups can be introduced, a metallic membrane disposed on the base plate and having a plurality of wells reaching the base plate, and a crosslinkable polymer membrane disposed on the metallic membrane are included.

Abstract: A base plate having a surface on which a plurality of hydroxyl groups can be introduced, a metallic membrane disposed on the base plate and having a plurality of wells reaching the base plate, and a crosslinkable polymer membrane disposed on the metallic membrane are included.

Abstract: A substrate for biochips is manufactured so that the substrate has a substrate surface having a reaction region capable of reacting with biological substances and a non-reaction region not reacting with the biological substances, sunken bottomed wells formed in the substrate surface, and a layer of a material capable of reacting with the biological substances having a surface exposed only at the bottoms of the bottomed wells, the exposed surface forming the reaction region.

Abstract: A substrate for biochips has a substrate surface having a reaction region capable of reacting with biological substances and a non-reaction region not reacting with the biological substances, sunken bottomed wells formed in the substrate surface, and a layer of a material capable of reacting with the biological substances having a surface exposed only at the bottoms of the bottomed wells, the exposed surface forming the reaction region.

Abstract: A base plate having a surface on which a plurality of hydroxyl groups can be introduced, a metallic membrane disposed on the base plate and having a plurality of wells reaching the base plate, and a crosslinkable polymer membrane disposed on the metallic membrane are included.

Abstract: A substrate for biochips has a substrate surface having a reaction region capable of reacting with biological substances and a non-reaction region not reacting with the biological substances, sunken bottomed wells formed in the substrate surface, and a layer of a material capable of reacting with the biological substances having a surface exposed only at the bottoms of the bottomed wells, the exposed surface forming the reaction region.

Abstract: A microchip device for chemotaxis observation according to the present invention is provided with the first well in which chemotactic factors are to be filled, and the second well in which chemotactic cells are to be filled. There is provided a channel between the first well and the second well. The channel has a plurality of paths. A sidewall surfaces of the path is substantially perpendicular to a bottom surface, as formed by anisotropic dry etching.

Abstract: That portion of an n-type single-crystal Si layer 1 which corresponds to a pressure-sensitive region is etched to an SiO2 layer 2 by using the SiO2 layer 2 as an etching stopper layer. The SiO2 layer 2 exposed by this etching is removed. The pressure-sensitive region of the n-type single-crystal Si layer 3 is etched by a predetermined amount to form a diaphragm 4. Thus, the SiO2 layer 2 is removed from the diaphragm 4 and a diaphragm edge portion 6.

Abstract: A microchip device for chemotaxis observation according to the present invention is provided with the first well in which chemotactic factors are to be filled, and the second well in which chemotactic cells are to be filled. There is provided a channel between the first well and the second well. The channel has a plurality of paths. A sidewall surfaces of the path is substantially perpendicular to a bottom surface, as formed by anisotropic dry etching.

Abstract: An electrostatic capacity-type pressure sensor includes a diaphragm support body, first and second lids, a fixed electrode, a coupling member, an electrode support member, and a movable electrode. The diaphragm support body is formed into a tube shape. The first and second lids have thin diaphragm portions and thick fixing portions formed integrally with peripheral edge portions of the diaphragm portions and are arranged to face each other by bringing the fixing portions in tight contact with the two end portions of the diaphragm support body. The first and second lids separate the interior of the diaphragm support body from the outside by closing the two end portions of the diaphragm support body. The fixed electrode is formed on the inner surface of the fixing portion of at least one of the first and second lids. The coupling member has two ends respectively connected to the first and second lids to couple the diaphragm portions facing each other.