Abstract: A laser device is provided including a surface emitting laser array configured to emit light, an optical system disposed in an optical path of light that is emitted from the surface emitting laser, a laser resonator which the light passed through the optical system enters, where the optical system includes a first optical element configured to collimate the light emitted from the surface emitting laser, and a second optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the first optical element.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-emitting laser element having a light-emitting mesa structure with an emitting area including a high-reflectance portion and a low-reflectance portion includes forming a layered body that includes a lower reflecting mirror, a cavity structure, and an upper reflecting mirror on a substrate; forming a first area on an upper surface of the layered body; forming a second area having the same size as the first area on the upper surface of the layered body; forming a light-emitting mesa structure and a monitoring-mesa structure by etching the first area and the second area, respectively; forming a confinement structure including a current passage area surrounded by an oxide in the light-emitting mesa structure and the monitoring-mesa structure; and measuring the size of the current passage area of the monitoring-mesa structure.

Abstract: Provided are enhanced high yield production systems for producing terpenes in plants via the expression of fusion proteins comprising various combinations of geranyl diphosphate synthase large and small subunits and limonene synthases. Also provided are engineered oilseed plants that accumulate monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in their seeds, as well as methods for producing such plants, providing a system for rapidly engineering oilseed crop production platforms for terpene-based biofuels.

Abstract: A transmission for an internal combustion engine that allows a fit length between a dog and a dog hole to be made longer and gear splines to be made longer, without having to increase an axial length of the transmission. A transmission selectively performs gearshifting by using a shift fork to slidingly move a shift gear of the transmission axially and by using a dog clutch to engage the shift gear with, or disengage the shift gear from, an adjacent gear. When the shift gear slidingly moves, a gear-side spline portion of the shift gear slidingly moves over a shaft-side spline portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-emitting laser element having a light-emitting mesa structure with an emitting area including a high-reflectance portion and a low-reflectance portion includes forming a layered body that includes a lower reflecting mirror, a cavity structure, and an upper reflecting mirror on a substrate; forming a first area on an upper surface of the layered body; forming a second area having the same size as the first area on the upper surface of the layered body; forming a light-emitting mesa structure and a monitoring-mesa structure by etching the first area and the second area, respectively; forming a confinement structure including a current passage area surrounded by an oxide in the light-emitting mesa structure and the monitoring-mesa structure; and measuring the size of the current passage area of the monitoring-mesa structure.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device enabling the stable output of high-power harmonic light is disclosed. The wavelength conversion device includes MgO:LiNbO3 (PPMgLN) having a periodic polarization reversed structure, and the +Z and ?Z surfaces of the PPMgLN are covered with thin chrome (Cr) film. In the PPMgLN, the incident surface and output surface are disposed on the ?X side and +X side, respectively, in the longitudinal direction. Because of this structure, even when a high-power laser fundamental wave is incident, the PPMgLN can avoid destruction and damage due to the electric field, thereby enabling the stable output of high-power harmonic.

Abstract: A transmission for an internal combustion engine that allows a fit length between a dog and a dog hole to be made longer and gear splines to be made longer, without having to increase an axial length of the transmission. A transmission selectively performs gearshifting by using a shift fork to slidingly move a shift gear of the transmission axially and by using a dog clutch to engage the shift gear with, or disengage the shift gear from, an adjacent gear. When the shift gear slidingly moves, a gear-side spline portion of the shift gear slidingly moves over a shaft-side spline portion.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a swing arm, a rear wheel mounted on a leading end of the swing arm, a drive shaft disposed in the swing arm, and a final gear transmission mechanism interposed between the drive shaft and the rear wheel. The final gear transmission mechanism includes a gear case mounted on the leading end of the swing arm for supporting a rear axle; a first end bearing and a second end bearing for supporting a first end and a second end of the rear axle, respectively, a ring gear mounted on the rear axle for transmitting the rotary drive force of an engine to the rear axle; a holding portion for holding the first end of the rear axle in the axial direction of the rear axle; and a fastening member for fastening the second end bearing to the second end of the rear axle.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device enabling the stable output of high-power harmonic light is disclosed. The wavelength conversion device includes MgO:LiNbO3 (PPMgLN) having a periodic polarization reversed structure, and the +Z and ?Z surfaces of the PPMgLN are covered with thin chrome (Cr) film. In the PPMgLN, the incident surface and output surface are disposed on the ?X side and +X side, respectively, in the longitudinal direction. Because of this structure, even when a high-power laser fundamental wave is incident, the PPMgLN can avoid destruction and damage due to the electric field, thereby enabling the stable output of high-power harmonic.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a swing arm, a rear wheel mounted on a leading end of the swing arm, a drive shaft disposed in the swing arm, and a final gear transmission mechanism interposed between the drive shaft and the rear wheel. The final gear transmission mechanism includes a gear case mounted on the leading end of the swing arm for supporting a rear axle; a first end bearing and a second end bearing for supporting a first end and a second end of the rear axle, respectively, a ring gear mounted on the rear axle for transmitting the rotary drive force of an engine to the rear axle; a holding portion for holding the first end of the rear axle in the axial direction of the rear axle; and a fastening member for fastening the second end bearing to the second end of the rear axle.

Abstract: In an optical recording method and apparatus for an optical storage medium, a recording pulse pattern having a sequence of multiple pulses is used to record one of plural kinds of marks with different lengths on the storage medium through a variable-linear-velocity recording process or a constant-angular-velocity recording process. Two or more discrete write powers are individually allocated to the respective pulses of the recording pulse pattern. Each of the write powers, allocated to the respective pulses of the recording pulse pattern, is linearly varied in proportion with a change of one of the recording linear velocity and a recording position of the storage medium. The resulting recording pulse pattern is supplied to a pickup, and the pickup emits a light beam to the storage medium in accordance with the recording pulse pattern having the linearly varied write powers allocated to the respective pulses, so that one of the plural kinds of marks is recorded on the storage medium.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate, and a recording layer formed thereon which contains at least one formazan chelate compound of formula (I), (II) or wherein A, B, A′, B′, A1, A2, B1, B2, Z, Z1, Z2, M, p, and n are specified in the specification.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a disk-like substrate and a recording layer provided over the substrate and containing at least one organic dye. The substrate has a wobble with a period length PL in the range of 4T to 96T.

Abstract: In an optical recording method and apparatus for an optical storage medium, a recording pulse pattern having a sequence of multiple pulses is used to record one of plural kinds of marks with different lengths on the storage medium through a variable-linear-velocity recording process or a constant-angular-velocity recording process. Two or more discrete write powers are individually allocated to the respective pulses of the recording pulse pattern. Each of the write powers, allocated to the respective pulses of the recording pulse pattern, is linearly varied in proportion with a change of one of the recording linear velocity and a recording position of the storage medium. The resulting recording pulse pattern is supplied to a pickup, and the pickup emits a light beam to the storage medium in accordance with the recording pulse pattern having the linearly varied write powers allocated to the respective pulses, so that one of the plural kinds of marks is recorded on the storage medium.

Abstract: In an optical recording method and apparatus for an optical storage medium, a recording pulse pattern having a sequence of multiple pulses is used to record one of plural kinds of marks with different lengths on the storage medium through a variable-linear-velocity recording process or a constant-angular-velocity recording process. Two or more discrete write powers are individually allocated to the respective pulses of the recording pulse pattern. Each of the write powers, allocated to the respective pulses of the recording pulse pattern, is linearly varied in proportion with a change of one of the recording linear velocity and a recording position of the storage medium. The resulting recording pulse pattern is supplied to a pickup, and the pickup emits a light beam to the storage medium in accordance with the recording pulse pattern having the linearly varied write powers allocated to the respective pulses, so that one of the plural kinds of marks is recorded on the storage medium.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate and a recording layer formed thereon, the recording layer containing at least one squarylium compound and one azo metal chelate compound including an azo moiety of formula (I-1) or (I-2) and a metal: wherein A, B, A′, and X are the same as those previously defined in the specification. Writing and reading steps are performed by the application of a semiconductor laser beam with a wavelength in a range from 600 to 720 nm.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate, and a recording layer formed thereon which contains at least one formazan chelate compound of formula (I), (II) or 1

Abstract: A differential mechanism comprises a differential case assembly having a casing body connected to a source of drive force and a cap member coupled with the casing body to cover one opened end of the casing body, a plurality of input blocks housed in the case assembly and being movable circumferentially of the case assembly in correspondence with rotation of the casing body, and a pair of output cam members for clamping the input blocks relatively slidably and being independently rotatable owing to a frictional force produced with respect to each of the input blocks to thereby initiate a differential motion on an output side of the differential mechanism. The input blocks are provided in at least two different types and having projected portions. The projected portions of the input blocks of one type have a first upper end width while the projected portions of the input blocks of another type have a second upper end width different from the first upper end width.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a disk-like substrate and a recording layer provided over the substrate and containing at least one organic dye. The substrate has a wobble with a period length PL in the range of 4T to 96T.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate and a recording layer formed thereon, the recording layer containing at least one squarylium compound and one azo metal chelate compound including an azo moiety of formula (I-1) or (I-2) and a metal: 1