Abstract: A pattern forming apparatus includes a liquid material application mechanism that includes an opening for applying a liquid material on a substrate, and a laser processing mechanism that includes an irradiation section for irradiating the liquid material applied on the substrate with laser light to immobilize the liquid material so that a pattern is formed. The laser processing mechanism is integrated with the liquid material application mechanism.

Abstract: An under-layer 2 comprising a coupling agent having a metal element to be transformed to an oxide is disposed on the surface of an inorganic oxide substrate 1, and a liquid containing micro-fine metal particles dispersed therein is coated on the under-layer 2 to form a micro-fine metal particle layer 3. Then, temperature is elevated to a metallizing temperature of the micro-fine metal particles, to form a thin metal film layer 5.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an electromagnetic wave shield for attenuating a electric far field while suppressing the attenuation of the vicinal magnetic flux of an electromagnetic wave discharged from a high frequency electromagnetic wave generator. An electromagnetic wave shield according to the invention comprises a plurality of electric conductors, a ground contact for carrying out a connection to a ground, and a lead wire for connecting the electric conductors to the ground contact, the electric conductors being electrically connected to the ground contact through the lead wire, wherein the electric conductors are provided in such a manner that a path reaching the ground contact through the lead wire from an optional point of each of the electric conductors is uniquely determined.

Abstract: The invention presents an antenna element capable of attenuating electric far filed while suppressing attenuation of magnetic near field of electromagnetic field radiated from loop antenna as an application example of antenna element, and a loop antenna and a communication control apparatus of wireless communications medium using the same. The antenna element of the invention comprises a conductor, and a conductive electromagnetic shield disposed on its surface by way of an insulator. The conductive electromagnetic shield has a ground contact, a lead portion, and a plurality of branches, and it is composed so as to determine uniquely the route from an arbitrary point of branches to the ground contact by way of the lead portion.

Abstract: The invention presents an antenna element capable of attenuating electric far filed while suppressing attenuation of magnetic near field of electromagnetic field radiated from loop antenna as an application example of antenna element, and a loop antenna and a communication control apparatus of wireless communications medium using the same. The antenna element of the invention comprises a conductor, and a conductive electromagnetic shield disposed on its surface by way of an insulator. The conductive electromagnetic shield has a ground contact, a lead portion, and a plurality of branches, and it is composed so as to determine uniquely the route from an arbitrary point of branches to the ground contact by way of the lead portion.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an electromagnetic wave shield for attenuating a electric far field while suppressing the attenuation of the vicinal magnetic flux of an electromagnetic wave discharged from a high frequency electromagnetic wave generator. An electromagnetic wave shield according to the invention comprises a plurality of electric conductors, a ground contact for carrying out a connection to a ground, and a lead wire for connecting the electric conductors to the ground contact, the electric conductors being electrically connected to the ground contact through the lead wire, wherein the electric conductors are provided in such a manner that a path reaching the ground contact through the lead wire from an optional point of each of the electric conductors is uniquely determined.