Abstract: The present invention includes: an injection timing correction unit 62 which repeatedly corrects a fuel injection timing in relation to a cylinder in which combustion is determined by a combustion diagnosis device 44 to be less than optimal such that a correction amount accumulates until combustion is determined to be optimal; an allowable correction range setting unit 64 which sets an allowable correction range of the fuel injection timing on the basis of data indicating past fuel injection timings of a plurality of cylinders; an injection timing determination unit 70 which determines whether or not the fuel injection timing corrected by the injection timing correction unit 62 is within the allowable correction range; and a command control unit 72 which outputs an injection command at the corrected fuel injection timing when the determination unit determines that the corrected fuel injection timing is within the allowable correction range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an engine with a plurality of cylinders, which are capable of appropriately controlling the engine after the cutoff of fuel into a cylinder having heavy knock, without at once stopping the engine upon the detection of the heavy knock. The method of operating the engine, which is capable of stepwise or continuously correcting a burning state through fuel regulation including the cutoff of fuel, upon occurrence of abnormal combustion, executes a stop or output limit operation on the engine. The method includes setting a simulated abnormal combustion, and determining abnormal combustion of a cylinder by comparing a detection signal as to a burning state of a cylinder, which is sequentially selected, with the simulated abnormal combustion signal to determine abnormal combustion in order to execute a cutoff of fuel into the selected cylinder.

Abstract: Provided are a method of operating an engine and an apparatus for controlling operation of an engine, which is capable of appropriately controlling the operation of the engine after cutoff of fuel into a cylinder in which heavy knock occurs, without at once stopping the engine upon detection of occurrence of the heavy knock.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate film suitable for producing magnetic recording media wherein the film has a Young's modulus of at least 550 kg/mm.sup.2 in the longitudinal direction and a Young's modulus of at least 800 kg/mm.sup.2 in the transverse direction with the Young's modulus in the transverse direction being greater than the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction by more than 200 kg/mm.sup.2 ; a surface roughness Ra of 1-12 nm; and low heat shrinkage. The film also contains 0.005-2% by weight inorganic or organic fine particles.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film which has excellent resistances to dry heat deterioration and wet heat deterioration, which can withstand the use in an atmosphere of relatively high moisture content, and which is useful, for example, as an electrical insulating film, a film for transparent electrode, a film for absorption of electromagnetic wave (e.g. a film used as an inspection window of microwave oven) and a reflection film. This polyester contains ?ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate as the main recurring unit.! 99.5 to 95 mole % of ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate and 0.5 to 5 mole % of ethylene-2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylate and has a density of 1.355 to 1.370 g/cm.sup.3 and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 to 0.90. The polyester film has an amount of terminal carboxyl in the polyester of 40 eg/10.sup.6 g or less and an amount of oligomers of 2.0 mg/m.sup.2 film or less.

Abstract: A magnetic recording tape or disk formed from a biaxially oriented laminated polyester base film which comprises a layer (A) of a polyester consisting essentially of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol components and a layer (B) of a copolyester consisting essentially of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol components, wherein the copolyester contains 1-5% by weight of the diethylene glycol component, based on the weight of the layer (B) copolyester, layer (B) being present on one or both surfaces of layer (A).

Abstract: Provided is a biaxially oriented, unidirectionally long polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate film having the following characteristic properties;(A) both the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction and the Young's modulus in the transverse direction are at least 600 kg/mm.sup.2, and the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction is greater than the Young's modulus in the transverse direction,(B) the heat shrinkage factor in the transverse direction when the film has been treated under no load at 105.degree. C. for 30 minutes is at least 1%, and(C) the surface roughness Ra of one surface of the film is up to 5 nm, anda magnetic recording tape obtained by forming a thin magnetic metal film on the above film undergoes no curling, has high coercive force, has excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristic and permits high-density recording for a long period of time.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate film suitable for producing magnetic recording media wherein the film has a Young's modulus of at least 550 kg/mm.sup.2 in the longitudinal direction and a Young's modulus of at least 800 kg/mm.sup.2 in the transverse direction with the Young's modulus in the transverse direction being greater than the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction by more than 230 kg/mm.sub.2, a surface roughness Ra of 1-12 nm; and low heat shrinkage. The film also contains 0.005-2% by weight inorganic or organic fine particles.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate film, which can be used as a base film for a recording medium capable of high-density recording, characterized in that when h (unit: nm) stands for a height of a protrusion formed on the film surface, the numbers of protrusions in the range of 1.ltoreq.h<50, 50.ltoreq.h<100, and 100.ltoreq.h fall each within a specified range, that the film has a plane orientation coefficient (NS) and an average refractive index (n.sub.a) which satisfy the relationship NS.gtoreq.1.607n.sub.a -2.434, that the film has a surface roughness (Ra) of 2-10 nm and that the film has a heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 0.08% or less when heat-treated under no load at 70.degree. C. for 1 hour.

Abstract: Provided is a biaxially oriented, unidirectionally long polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate film having the following characteristic properties;(A) both the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction and the Young's modulus in the transverse direction are at least 600 kg/mm.sup.2, and the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction is greater than the Young's modulus in the transverse direction,(B) the heat shrinkage factor in the transverse direction when the film has been treated under no load at 105.degree. C. for 30 minutes is at least 1%, and(C) the surface roughness Ra of one surface of the film is up to 5 nm, anda magnetic recording tape obtained by forming a thin magnetic metal film on the above film undergoes no curling, has high coercive force, has excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristic and permits high-density recording for a long period of time.

Abstract: There is provided a biaxially oriented polyester base film for a magnetic tape for use in a cassette for a digital audio tape recorder. The film has (a) a stress when the biaxially oriented polyester base film is extended in the longitudinal direction by 5% of at least 12 kg/mm.sup.2, (b) a residual extension in the longitudinal direction of 0.2% or less and a residual extension in the transverse direction of 0.3% or less, (c) a heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 1.5% or less, (d) at least one surface of which has a surface roughness, Ra, of 25 nm or less, and (e) a film thickness of in the range of from 3 to 12 .mu.m. A magnetic tape for use in a cassette for a digital audio tape recorder is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a biaxially oriented polyester base film for a magnetic tape for use in a cassette for a digital audio tape recorder. The film has (a) a stress when the biaxially oriented polyester base film is extended in the longitudinal direction by 5% of at least 12 kg/mm.sup.2, (b) a residual extension in the longitudinal direction of 0.2% or less and a residual extension in the transverse direction of 0.3% or less, (c) a heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 1.5% or less, (d) at least one surface of which has a surface roughness, Ra, of 25 nm or less, and (e) a film thickness of in the range of from 3 to 12 .mu.m. A magnetic tape for use in a cassette for a digital audio tape recorder is also provided.

Abstract: A laminated polyester film for use in a magnetic recording medium, which comprises (A) a first layer of a first polyester which contains at least 95 mol %, based on the total content of its dicarboxylic acid components, of a 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid component and whose main recurring unit is composed of ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, and (B) a second layer of a second polyester containing 93 to 99 mol %, based on the total content of its recurring units, of an ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate recurring unit. The second layer is laminated on at least one surface of two surfaces of the above first layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording tape, in particular a VTR tape, comprising;(A) a substrate composed of a biaxially oriented polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate film of which(a) the Young' modulus in the longitudinal direction is at least 650 kg/mm.sup.2, the Young' modulus in a transverse direction is the same as, or greater than, the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction,(b) the heat shrinkage in the transverse direction is in the range of 1.0 to 3.0% when treated at 100.degree. C. for 30 minutes,(c) the surface roughness, Ra, is not more than 0.005 .mu.m, and(d) the amount of bled-out oligomer is not more than 0.01 area % when treated in air at 160.degree. C. for 5 minutes,(B) a thin magnetic metal layer having a thickness of 100 to 1,500 nm and formed on one surface of the substrate, and(C) a lubricant-containing thin organic polymer layer having a thickness of not more than 1 .mu.

Abstract: A unidirectionally long, biaxially oriented film of polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate:(A) which has a Young's modulus of 400 to 600 kg/mm.sup.2 in the machine direction and a Young's modulus of at least 1,200 kg/mm.sup.2 in the transverse direction, the ratio of Young's modulus in the transverse direction to the Young's modulus in the machine direction being at least 2.5,(B) which has a heat shrinkage of 1% or less after heat-treated under no load at 105.degree. C. for 30 minutes, and(C) which has a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.005 to 0.010 .mu.m.This film is useful as a base film for magnetic tape having the capacity of log hours' recording and reproduction.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented, unidirectionally long polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate film,(A) which contains(a) 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of first inert solid particles having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.3 .mu.m, and(b) 0.005 to 0.05% by weight of second inert solid particles having an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 .mu.m, this average particle diameter being greater than the average particle diameter of the first inert solid particles by at least 0.2 .mu.m, wherein:(B) the Young's modulus in the length direction is at least 650 kg/mm.sup.2, the Young's modulus in the width direction is at least 600 kg/mm.sup.2, the Young's modulus in the length direction is greater than the Young's modulus in the width direction,(C) the heat shrinkage factor in the length direction in heat treatment at 70.degree. C. for 1 hour under no load is not more than 0.08%, and(D) the surface roughness, Ra, is 3 to 10 nm; and a magnetic tape obtained therefrom.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film, (A) which is formed from polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate containing 0.01 to 1% by weight of inert solid fine particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 3 .mu.m, (B) which has a refractive index, in a film thickness direction, of at least 1.498, and (C) which has a Young's modulus, at least in one direction, of at least 700 kg/mm.sup.2 ; and a process for the production thereof. This film is useful as a magnetic recording medium, particularly as a base film excellent in abrasion resistance and tear resistance.

Abstract: There is provided a biaxially oriented polyester base film for a magnetic tape for use in a cassette for a digital audio tape recorder. The film has (a) a stress when the biaxially oriented polyester base film is extended in the longitudinal direction by 5% of at least 12 kg/mm.sup.2, (b) a residual extension in the longitudinal direction of 0.2 % or less and a residual extension in the transverse direction of 0.3% or less, (c) a heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 1.5% or less, (d) at least one surface of which has a surface roughness, Ra, of 25 nm or less, and (e) a film thickness of in the range of from 3 to 12 .mu. m. A magnetic tape for use in a cassette for a digital audio tape recorder is also provided.

Abstract: An oriented polyester film (A) which comprises modified polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate containing a 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid component and having a heat of crystallization of 16 to 25.5 Joule/g, and (B) which is biaxially oriented; and an oriented polyester film (A') which comprises modified polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate containing of a glycol component derived from a compound represented by the following formula, ##STR1## wherein each of n and m is independently a positive number of 1 to 9 as an average, provided that m+n equals 2 to 9 as an average, and having a heat of crystallization of 6 to 20 Joule/g, and (B) which is biaxially oriented. These films are useful as a base film for a magnetic recording tape or as an electric insulation film.

Abstract: A magnetic tape for audio cassettes wherein a magnetic layer is provided on base film characterized in that the a base film, is biaxially oriented polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate film having a Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of 850 Kg/mm.sup.2 or more, a Young's modulus in the transverse direction of 550 Kg/mm.sup.2 or more a surface roughness Ra in the range of 0.015 to 0.040 .mu.m, and a thermal shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction of 0.3% or less in a case where it was held at a temperature of 100.degree. C. for 1 hour.A magnetic tape for audio cassettes is provided which is capable of long-time recording and wherein deterioration of magnetic characteristics does not easily occur in use, storage and the like at a high temperature, for example in the open during summer or in cars, compared to conventional ones.