Abstract: A compound containing Sn, Te and Mn, and further containing either one or both of Sb and Bi.

Abstract: A compound containing Sn, Te and Mg, and further containing either one or both of Sb and Bi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound containing at least germanium, tellurium, bismuth, copper, antimony and silver as constituent elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound containing at least germanium, tellurium, bismuth and copper as constituent elements, wherein the longest axis of ubiquitous bismuth crystals and copper crystals is less than 2.0 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound containing at least germanium, tellurium, bismuth and copper as constituent elements, wherein the longest axis of ubiquitous bismuth crystals and copper crystals is less than 2.0 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound containing at least germanium, tellurium, bismuth and copper as constituent elements, wherein the longest axis of ubiquitous bismuth crystals and copper crystals is less than 2.0 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound containing at least germanium, tellurium, bismuth, copper, antimony and silver as constituent elements.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic element which can generate a skyrmion, and a skyrmion memory which applies the magnetic element or the like. To provide a magnetic element with a chiral magnet for generating a skyrmion, the chiral magnet is made of a magnetic material having a ?-Mn type crystal structure. Also, to provide a magnetic element with a chiral magnet for generating a skyrmion, the chiral magnet is made of a magnetic material having an Au4Al type crystal structure.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic element which can generate a skyrmion, and a skyrmion memory which applies the magnetic element or the like. To provide a magnetic element with a chiral magnet for generating a skyrmion, the chiral magnet is made of a magnetic material having a ?-Mn type crystal structure. Also, to provide a magnetic element with a chiral magnet for generating a skyrmion, the chiral magnet is made of a magnetic material having an Au4Al type crystal structure.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic element which can generate a skyrmion, and a skyrmion memory which applies the magnetic element or the like. To provide a magnetic element with a chiral magnet for generating a skyrmion, the chiral magnet is made of a magnetic material having a ?-Mn type crystal structure. Also, to provide a magnetic element with a chiral magnet for generating a skyrmion, the chiral magnet is made of a magnetic material having an Au4Al type crystal structure.

Abstract: A solar cell 1 has a p-n junction structure between a first solid material layer 3 comprising an insulator or a semiconductor and a second solid material layer 5 comprising an insulator or a semiconductor of a type different from the type of the first solid material layer 3, in which structure a Mott insulator or a Mott semiconductor is used as a solid material of at least one of the layers.

Abstract: A magnetooptic element whose size is essentially that of a lattice, namely several angstroms in size of magnetic material and which at the same time has its exhibiting magnetooptic effect detectable is provided along with a magnetooptic disk, a memory device and a magnetooptical picture or image display with a storage capacity of several terabits per square inch or more, each using such a magnetooptic element. The magnetooptic element utilizes a gigantic effective magnetic filed based on a spin chirality formed by geometrically configuring the spin orientation and crystallographic structure of a certain solid material.

Abstract: A magnetooptic element whose size is essentially that of a lattice, namely several angstroms in size of magnetic material and which at the same time has its exhibiting magnetooptic effect detectable is provided along with a magnetooptic disk, a memory device and a magnetooptical picture or image display with a storage capacity of several terabits per square inch or more, each using such a magnetooptic element. The magnetooptic element utilizes a gigantic effective magnetic filed based on a spin chirality formed by geometrically configuring the spin orientation and crystallographic structure of a certain solid material.

Abstract: In a single-crystal manufacturing method, after a single crystal is grown, the crystal is separated from the molten melt and gradually cooled while suspended immediately above the surface of the melt. During this cooling, a measure, which produces solidification of the melt, is locally applied. As a result, the solidification of the melt is selectively forced so that at least the melt forms a crust and prevents the crystal, should it fall, from becoming immersed in molten melt. This measure also protects the crystal from any sudden release of heat such as tends to occur if the melt becomes supercooled prior to the onset of crystallization.