Abstract: A pretreatment method for enhancing relativity and reaction specificity prior to the detection or determination of an ingredient, especially a microorganism ingredient, contained in a biosample; and a pretreating fluid therefor or a reagent for determination containing the pretreating fluid. The pretreating fluid(or reactive fluid), which is for the determination of an ingredient contained in a sample to be tested, comprises at least an organic acid or a salt thereof. If preferably comprises: at least one member selected among surfactants and substances capable of reduction; and an organic acid or salt thereof. Treatments with the pretreating fluid were found to eliminate problems and the invention has thus been completed.

Abstract: A complex comprising a lipid and a conjugate of GPIb and lipid having a functional group, and use thereof. The GPIb-lipid complex of the present invention is extremely useful as a platelet substitute, a pharmaceutical agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of angiopathy, vascular damages and thrombosis, a diagnostic for vWF deficiency and the like, a biological or medical reagent, a reagent for screening platelet aggregation suppressant or antithrombosis, and the like. The GPIb-lipid complex of the present invention is also useful as a diagnostic for finding the location of vascular lesion or thrombus formation, or a therapeutic agent therefor, since it accumulates at vascular lesions.

Abstract: A mutant human prourokinase wherein a neutral amino acid in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) region of human prourokinase (human PUK) has been replaced with a basic amino acid, or an acidic amino acid has been replaced with a non-acidic amino acid, and a method for producing a mutant human PUK which comprises expression of mutant human PUK by cultivating a host transformed by a plasmid inserted with a DNA sequence coding for said mutant human PUK. By replacing a neutral amino acid in the EGF region of human PUK which is a fibrinolysin with a basic amino acid, or an acidic amino acid with a non-acidic amino acid, half-life in blood can be prolonged, and affinity for fibrin can be improved.

Abstract: A human prourokinase mutant in which the entire or a partial epidermal growth factor domain of human prourokinase is deleted or a partial epidermal growth factor domain of human prourokinase is replaced by one or more different amino acid residues, said mutant having a longer blood half-life than naturally occurring human prourokinase while retaining prourokinase enzymatic activity. In this human prourokinase mutant the region selected from the group consisting of: (a) from asparagine (10) to cysteine (42); (b) from asparagine (10) to aspartic acid (45); and (c) from asparagine (10) to threonine (49) is missing.