Abstract: In a packet forwarding apparatus including first line interfaces accommodating user terminals, a second line interface connected to a communication node on a session management apparatus side, and a protocol processing unit for updating a connection management table and a header information table when a specific session control packet is received from one of the first line interfaces. Upon receiving a real-time packet from one of the first line interfaces, if a table entry corresponding to the header information of the received packet has been registered in the connection management table, the control unit routes the received packet to one of the first line interfaces after rewriting its header information based on the header information table, and if the table entry has not been registered, the control unit routes the received packet as it is to the second line interface.

Abstract: In a network having an L2SW in which uplink VLAN is set, a transfer delay of a voice call packet is prevented. In a process of establishing a session between terminals (5), a packet transfer device (1) stores information capable of specifying a sending terminal (5-1) and a receiving terminal (5-2) and a correspondence relation (user connection information) to a connection port into a table. A SIP message of a session control packet communicated between the terminals (5) is snooped, and a destination IP address, a transmission source IP address, a destination port number, a transmission source port number, a connection port etc. are stored into the table. In a case where an RTP packet as voice data is received after the session is established, the packet transfer device (1) performs a loopback transfer or transfers it to an uplink port in accordance with the table.

Abstract: The invention provides an excimer lamp apparatus that has advanced start-up properties, in terms of start-up time and start-up stability, in the presence of voltage variations, without any trigger electrode, by arranging a pair of electrodes along the entire length of a discharge container. An ultra-violet emitter is arranged to irradiate discharge gas in the discharge container with ultra-violet light, and the excimer lamp is started up by means of exposure with ultra-violet light from the ultra-violet emitting unit.

Abstract: The invention provides an excimer lamp apparatus that has advanced start-up properties, in terms of start-up time and start-up stability, in the presence of voltage variations, without any trigger electrode, by arranging a pair of electrodes along the entire length of a discharge container. An ultra-violet emitter is arranged to irradiate discharge gas in the discharge container with ultra-violet light, and the excimer lamp is started up by means of exposure with ultra-violet light from the ultra-violet emitting unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dielectric barrier excimer lamp which is easy to handle, less expensive and improved in ultraviolet light beam irradiation efficiency to electric power and ultraviolet light beam irradiation efficiency to a work.

Abstract: In a radio paging system and a radio paging method, in which all transmitters are simply synchronized with each other with a satisfactory precision. A central exchange and each transmitter are each provided with a GPS clock for measuring time according to a current time transmitted from the GPS clock. An encoder of the central exchange adds to a message received from a network a real time, which is information to specify time to send the message from each transmitter, according to the current time measured by the GPS clock thereof and then distributes the message to the transmitters. A synchronizing section of each transmitter sends from a transmitting unit the message distributed from the central exchange to a receiver at a time specified by the real time added to the message according to the current time measured by the GPS clock thereof.

Abstract: The detection of any transmission error having developed between a central station and a transmitting station, and the start of a counterplan to the transmission error are realized by a simple construction. The central station transmits messages to which error correcting codes for correcting the transmission errors of the respective messages are affixed, to receivers via the transmitting stations through radio communications. Each of the receivers corrects the transmission error which has developed in relation to the message received through the radio communications, by the use of the error correcting code affixed to the particular message.

Abstract: Methanol is decomposed in the presence of a catalyst containing chromium oxide and zinc oxide as main components and containing a compound of at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkali earth metals and lanthanides, while contents of iron and nickel in the catalyst are each maintained at 0.5% by weight or less. This process is characterized by (1) being excellent in stability at high temperatures, (2) preventing the catalyst from deteriorating, (3) inhibiting the production of by-products, and (4) obtaining a gas in which the CO/H.sub.2 ratio is high.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing maleic anhydride by oxidation of n-butane comprising V,P and additionally Mg or Zr is prepared by(a) heating a pentavalent vanadium compound in an organic medium to reduce at least a part of the pentavalent vanadium to tetravalent vanadium,(b) reacting the resulting vanadium compound with phosphoric acid in the presence of at least one of a magnesium compound and a zirconium compound to form a catalyst precursor,(c) separating the resulting catalyst precursor from the organic medium, and(d) drying and calcining the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Chlorine can be efficiently produced at a low temperature and with a high hourly space velocity by oxidizing hydrogen chloride with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst obtained by calcining a compound, which has in turn been obtained by reacting chromium nitrate, chromium chloride, the chromium salt of an organic acid or the like with ammonia, or by calcining a mixture of the compound and a silicon compound, preferably, at a temperature lower than 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A cayalyst precursor is produced by reacting V.sub.2 O.sub.4 with phosphoric acid in an organic solvent in the presence of a polyol. The catalyst precursor is calcined to obtain a catalyst having a high density, highly attrition-resistance and a large specific surface area and requiring only a low temperature for the oxidation of butane.

Abstract: A color sensor comprising a plurality of detecting units. One of the detecting units may inspect the color of an object to be examined, and the other may inspect the color of the reference object simultaneously and independently. The reflected light of the object to be examined is corrected by the reflected light of the reference object. The lights reflected from the object to be examined and the reference object are derived from the same light source.

Abstract: Chlorine can be efficiently produced at a low temperature and with a high hourly space velocity by oxidizing hydrogen chloride with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst obtained by calcining a compound, which has in turn been obtained by reacting chromium nitrate, chromium chloride, the chromium salt of an organic acid or the like with ammonia, or by calcining a mixture of the compound and a silicon compound, preferably, at a temperature lower than 800.degree. C.

Abstract: In the process of producing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride with molecular oxygen, activity of the catalyst can be maintained for a long period with a high conversion ratio under high space velocity of gaseous raw materials without using additives as in conventional methods, in the presence of a crystalline chromic oxide catalyst obtained by supporting relatively large amounts of chromic oxide on a silicon oxide carrier having a specified pore volume.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of indole and derivatives thereof wherein an aniline is reacted with a 1,2-glycol in the vapor phase, the liquid phase or a mixed vapor-liquid phase. A sulfide or selenide or cadmium and/or zinc are used as the catalyst for this reaction. The present invention makes it possible to prepare indole and derivatives thereof in a single step by using inexpensive compounds as the starting materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound having at least one ortho-positioned a hydrogen atom by catalytically reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase. In this process, the reaction of the phenolic compound with the alcohol is carried out at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 550.degree. C. in the presence of a mixed oxide catalyst of manganese, silicon, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide. The catalyst used in this invention exhibits not only excellent catalytic activity in the selective ortho-alkylation of phenols but also continuous stability of the activity, good shapability, and good mechanical strength.