Abstract: A liquid crystal display device can suppress the local temperature elevation of a liquid crystal in the vicinity of drivers. On a liquid-crystal-side surface of one substrate out of substrates which are arranged to face each other in an opposed manner while sandwiching a liquid crystal therebetween, a switching element which is operated in response to scanning signals from a gate signal line, a pixel electrode to which video signals from a drain signal line are supplied via the switching element, and a reference electrode which generates an electric field between the reference electrode and the pixel electrode are mounted on each pixel region of the liquid-crystal-side surface. The video signals from the drain signal line are generated by a driver chip mounted on one substrate. A light transmittivity of the liquid crystal layer is set to take a minimum value when a voltage is not applied between the pixel electrode and the reference electrode.

Abstract: Unwanted creation of an after-image in display images is significantly suppressing. A liquid crystal compound having either an ester structure or a heterocyclic structure with more than one oxygen atom is added to liquid crystal material at a mixture ratio of more than ten percent (10%).

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which the gap between its transparent substrates can be kept uniform irrespective of whether the temperature of the device is normal temperature or high temperature. The liquid crystal display device includes transparent substrates disposed in opposition to each other with a liquid crystal being interposed therebetween, and plural spacers secured to one of the transparent substrates so as to support the other transparent substrate. The plural spacers include first spacers and second spacers, and the first spacers are formed of a material whose elasticity is higher than that of the second spacers, and are larger in height than the second spacers.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device is provided, in which an after image remaining after removing an application of a direct current voltage is suppressed. The active matrix liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal molecule having negative dielectric anisotropy and a dopant having a dissociative group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent. A liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates and an alignment layer formed on at least one of the pair of substrates. The pair of substrates are adhered together using a resin so that an interval is formed therebetween, and a portion formed with the resin has at least an opening for injecting liquid crystal into the interval formed between the pair of substrates and the opening is sealed with a photo-curable resin. The liquid crystal layer includes a photo-reactive liquid crystal compound, the molecular structure of which is converted by photo-irradiation, and a photo-absorbing organic compound having a photo-absorptivity larger than the photo-absorptivity of the photo-reactive liquid crystal compound at a designated wavelength, and containing at least one of alkyl substituent, alkenyl substituent, and alkoxyl substituent, respectively, in its molecule.

Abstract: Decreasing the non-uniformity of display by photo-deterioration of the liquid crystal material is achieved in order to provide high grade liquid crystal display devices. A pair of substrates holding a liquid crystal layer between them are adhered together with a resin, and at least an opening for injecting liquid crystal into the interval between the pair of substrates is provided in the resin portion. The opening is sealed with a photo-curable resin. The liquid crystal layer contains a photo-reactive liquid crystal compound, the molecular structure of which is converted by a photo-irradiation, and an photo-absorbing organic compound having a photo-absorptivity larger than that of the photo-reactive liquid crystal compound at a designated wavelength, and containing at least one of alkyl substituent, alkenyl substituent, and alkoxyl substituent of 1-8 carbon atoms, respectively, in its molecule.

Abstract: There are disclosed a novel naphthalocyanine derivative represented by the general formula [I] or [II] shown below, a process for preparing said derivative, an optical information recording medium using said derivative, and a process for preparing thereof: ##STR1## wherein M is a metal, metal oxide, metal hydroxide and the like, R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1-22 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 aryloxy group and the like.

Abstract: A metal naphthalocyanine derivative and process for producing said derivative which is represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein M represents germanium or tin; L and L' each independently represent a halogen, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a siloxy group of the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 SiO-- (wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group).

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrophotographic plate comprising a photoconductive layer containing an organic photoconductive substance on an electroconductive support, characterized in that said photoconductive layer has a film containing as the organic photoconductive substance a metal naphthalocyanine derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein M represents germanium or tin; L and L' each independently represent a halogen, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a siloxy group of the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 SiO-- (wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group),a metal naphthalocyanine derivative defined above and a process for producing the same.