Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell (1, 101, 201) has a plurality of electric power-generating elements (20) each including a solid oxide electrolyte (21) and a porous electrode section (22, 23) to which gases are supplied.

Abstract: When a color-reproducibility precision is determined with a plurality of evaluation colors, an overall color-reproducibility precision needs to be obtained with the plurality of evaluation colors to evaluate color reproducibility with a high precision. A color-evaluation-scale calculation section calculates color differences and metrics from the input colorimetric values of a reference image and the input colorimetric values of an image to be evaluated, for a plurality of evaluation colors, and computes a plurality of color-evaluation scales indicating a color-reproducibility precision of the image to be evaluated, according to the calculated color differences and metrics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has an opposing substrate on which an opposing electrode is formed, a TFT substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in matrix, thin film transistors connected to the pixel electrodes respectively, and gate lines and data lines for the thin film transistors are formed, vertical alignment films formed on the opposing inner surfaces of these substrates, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the vertical alignment films and having negative dielectric anisotropy. Each pixel electrode has a slit formed for separating each pixel into a plurality of sub-pixels by partially eliminating the pixel electrode with a connecting portion left at which adjoining electrode portions of each pixel electrode is connected with each other. The width W1 of the pixel electrode that runs in a direction in which the slit is formed and width W2 of the connecting portion have a ratio W2/W1 of 0.13 or lower.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has rear and front substrates having pixel electrodes and an opposing electrode formed on their opposing inner surfaces respectively, vertical alignment films formed on their opposing inner surfaces respectively, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the vertical alignment films and having negative dielectric anisotropy. Protrusions are formed on the inner surface of the front substrate, at a position adjoining one edge of each of the pixel electrodes formed on the inner surface of the rear substrate, correspondingly to a position about the center of the one edge of the pixel electrode. The vertical alignment film on the inner surface of the rear substrate is rubbed in a direction from an edge opposite to the one edge of the pixel electrode adjoining the protrusion toward the one edge. The vertical alignment film on the inner surface of the front substrate is rubbed in reverse direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a TFT substrate where TFTs are formed, an opposing substrate (CF substrate), a liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy filled between both substrates, a pixel electrode, and an auxiliary electrode formed around the pixel electrode. The pixel electrode has a recess portion formed by etching a gate insulation film. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned tilted toward the center of a pixel according to the shape of the recess portion.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is provided with a fuel cell (12) having a fuel electrode (19) supplied with fuel gas and an air electrode (16) supplied with oxidizer gas, a carbon dioxide separator (15, 52, 71) separating carbon dioxide from anode exhaust gas (25) expelled from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, and a fuel vaporizer (13, 58) producing fuel gas by injecting fuel into anode exhaust gas, whose carbon dioxide is separated in the carbon dioxide separator and which is expelled from the carbon dioxide separator. Fuel gas produced in the fuel vaporizer is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprises: a cell plate (11; 110; 110A, 110B); an electroconductive gas separator (13; 130; 130A; 130B) which cooperates with the cell plate, to form a gas passage; and a holder member (15; 150; 150A; 150B) which holds a part of the cell plate. The cell plate includes a supporting body (37; 370; 370A; 370B), and a cell (39; 390; 390A; 390B) formed on the supporting body. The cell includes a solid electrolyte (43), a cathode substance layer (45) formed on one surface of the solid electrolyte, and an anode substance layer (41) formed on the other surface of the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A radiation-absorbing layer for a thermopile radiation detector highly absorbs incident radiation within a predetermined band of wavelengths. The layer comprises a solid construction of a mixture of an oxide of silicon and separate and/or linked particles of at least one material selected for absorbing incident radiation within the predetermined band.

Abstract: Upon reading an A3-size sample image, a colorimeter that can read A3 size can be used but such A3-size calorimeter is expensive. For this reason, an A3-size recording paper sheet is cut into halves, i.e., two A4-size sample images, which are measured by an A4-size calorimeter. To prevent such troublesome operation, color patches are divided into nearly half groups, and these color patch groups are printed on an A3-size recording paper sheet to have their top positions on the opposite sides. In this way, after one color patch group is measured, the sample image is rotated through 180° and is set on the calorimeter to measure the other color patch group.

Abstract: In transmission of digital audio data usingIEEE1394, for example, when the audio data is changed from linear PCM to nonlinear PCM, identifier adding means of the transmitting apparatus inserts a silent identifier and nearly zero data for a specific time, and first identifier distinguishing means of the receiving apparatus changes over the output of data processing selecting means from linear PCM processing side to nonlinear processing side when detecting the silent identifier, thereby preventing generation of noise when changing over the data.

Abstract: A mounting groove (G) defined in a joint area between a roof panel (R) and a side structure (S) includes a first rising wall (11) extending downwards from a side edge of a roof panel body (10) with no undercut provided therein, and a second rising wall (13) extending downwards from a side edge of the side structure (S) and inclined so as to be spaced apart from the first rising wall (11) on the side of a lower end of the second rising wall. A roof molding (M) includes a lid (17), a base portion (18) having a notch (22) defined in a side opposed to the first rising wall (11), and a pair of lips (19, 20) extending laterally from a lower end of the base portion (18) and resiliently abutting against the first and second rising walls (11, 13). The side structure (S) has a step (21) against which the lid (17) of the roof molding (M) is capable of abutment.

Abstract: A fuel cell collector structure of the present invention includes a single cell which is formed by sandwiching a plate-shaped solid electrolyte between a fuel electrode and an air electrode, a collector which is provided at a position adjacent to the single cell, and a separator which is provided at the position adjacent to the collector. In the fuel cell collector structure, the collector is made of a porous electric conductor having a plurality of apertures on a surface, the single cell and/or the separator has a plurality of electrically conductive projections on the surface, and the projections intrude into the apertures to come into contact with the collector.

Abstract: An infrared radiation detecting device is constructed using a manufacturing method to increase the infrared radiation absorptance of the infrared radiation absorbing film. The infrared radiation detecting device has an infrared radiation absorbing film. In one embodiment, the infrared radiation absorbing film has a varying film thickness. The film thickness difference between the thickest points and the thinnest points and the spacing between the thickest points within the same plane are set to decrease the effective surface reflectance cause by the interference or scattering effects of the infrared radiation. Preferably, the film thickness differences between the thickest points and the thinnest points are equal to or greater than ¼ of the wavelength of the infrared radiation being measured, and the spacing between the thickest points within the same plane is shorter than the wavelength of the infrared radiation being measured.

Abstract: In a digital audio interface signal demodulating apparatus (DDAp) that adds a preamble (PA) and additional information (V, U, C, P) to a digital audio signal (Sda) and demodulates into a digital audio interface signal (Sdai) after subjected to bi-phase modulation for transmission, based on both of positive and negative edges of a reference clock (Src) having a frequency higher than twice a minimum inverse frequency (1/T) of said digital audio interface signal (Sdai) and not necessarily synchronizing with said digital audio interface signal (Sdai), a modulation period (nT) of the digital audio interface signal (Sdai) is decided, and a decision signal (Sj) is generated. Furthermore, based on the decision signal (Sj), the: preamble (PA) is detected, and based on the detected preamble (PA), an audio signal (Sda) is obtained from said decision signal (Sj) through demodulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for forming a light absorption film, composed of a porous metallic vapor deposited film with crystalline grown up in a dendrite structure, in a vacuum vapor deposition. A targeted time profile of applied electric power is obtained from electric current flowing through an evaporating boat 9 and a voltage potential thereof that enable a proper film quality to be realized with the evaporating boat using a resistive-heating technique and is preliminarily measured and stored in a computer 17 for controlling current electric power, obtained by electric current currently flowing through the evaporating boat and a voltage thereof currently appearing during a current vapor deposition process, so as to match the targeted time profile of the applied electric power.

Abstract: A mounting groove (G) defined in a joint area between a roof panel (R) and a side structure (S) includes a first rising wall (11) extending downwards from a side edge of a roof panel body (10) with no undercut provided therein, and a second rising wall (13) extending downwards from a side edge of the side structure (S) and inclined so as to be spaced apart from the first rising wall (11) on the side of a lower end of the second rising wall. A roof molding (M) includes a lid (17), a base portion (18) having a notch (22) defined in a side opposed to the first rising wall (11), and a pair of lips (19, 20) extending laterally from a lower end of the base portion (18) and resiliently abutting against the first and second rising walls (11, 13). The side structure (S) has a step (21) against which the lid (17) of the roof molding (M) is capable of abutment.

Abstract: An infrared radiation detecting device is constructed using a manufacturing method to increase the infrared radiation absorptance of the infrared radiation absorbing film. The infrared radiation detecting device has an infrared radiation absorbing film. In one embodiment, the infrared radiation absorbing film has a varying film thickness. The film thickness difference between the thickest points and the thinnest points and the spacing between the thickest points within the same plane are set to decrease the effective surface reflectance cause by the interference or scattering effects of the infrared radiation. Preferably, the film thickness differences between the thickest points and the thinnest points are equal to or greater than ¼ of the wavelength of the infrared radiation being measured, and the spacing between the thickest points within the same plane is shorter than the wavelength of the infrared radiation being measured.

Abstract: A radiation-absorbing layer for a thermopile radiation detector highly absorbs incident radiation within a predetermined band of wavelengths. The layer comprises a solid construction of a mixture of an oxide of silicon and separate and/or linked particles of at least one material selected for absorbing incident radiation within the predetermined band.

Abstract: When a color-reproducibility precision is determined with a plurality of evaluation colors, an overall color-reproducibility precision needs to be obtained with the plurality of evaluation colors to evaluate color reproducibility with a high precision. A color-evaluation-scale calculation section calculates color differences and metrics from the input colorimetric values of a reference image and the input colorimetric values of an image to be evaluated, for a plurality of evaluation colors, and computes a plurality of color-evaluation scales indicating a color-reproducibility precision of the image to be evaluated, according to the calculated color differences and metrics.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for forming a light absorption film, composed of a porous metallic vapor deposited film with crystalline grown up in a dendrite structure, in a vacuum vapor deposition. A targeted time profile of applied electric power is obtained from electric current flowing through an evaporating boat 9 and a voltage potential thereof that enable a proper film quality to be realized with the evaporating boat using a resistive-heating technique and is preliminarily measured and stored in a computer 17 for controlling current electric power, obtained by electric current currently flowing through the evaporating boat and a voltage thereof currently appearing during a current vapor deposition process, so as to match the targeted time profile of the applied electric power.