Abstract: A tread pattern of a pneumatic tire includes two outer circumferential main grooves and two inner circumferential main grooves. Each of the two inner circumferential main grooves comprises a first groove wall and a second groove wall facing the first groove wall. The first groove walls include first oblique wall elements that extend obliquely outward in a tire width direction and second oblique wall elements that extend obliquely inward in the tire width direction and extend for a shorter length than the first oblique wall elements. The second groove walls include third oblique wall elements that extend obliquely inward in the tire width direction and fourth oblique wall elements that extend obliquely outward in the tire width direction and extend for a shorter length than the third oblique wall elements.

Abstract: The liquid developer according to the present invention includes a toner particle containing a polyester resin and a pigment and includes a carrier liquid comprising a nonaqueous solution, the polyester resin contains a monomer unit derived from trimellitic acid, and the content of the monomer unit derived from trimellitic acid in the total acid component-derived monomer unit constituting the polyester resin is from 2.0 mol % to 60.0 mol %, the polyester resin also contains a monomer unit derived from an ethylene oxide adduct on bisphenol A, and the content of the monomer unit derived from the ethylene oxide adduct on bisphenol A in the total alcohol component-derived monomer unit constituting the polyester resin is from 50.0 mol % to 100.0 mol %, and the average circularity of the toner particle is at least 0.950.

Abstract: A tread pattern on a pneumatic tire is provided in regions of two intermediate land portions and has circumferential shallow grooves extending in the tire circumferential direction. An orientation of a groove inclination inclined with respect to a first direction in the tire circumferential direction of lug grooves provided in a region of one intermediate land portion, is the same as an orientation of a groove inclination inclined with respect to a second direction opposite to of the first direction of the tire circumferential direction of lug grooves provided in a region of another intermediate land portion, and the lug grooves provided in the respective regions of the intermediate land portions are bent so that the groove inclination approaches the tire circumferential direction at positions of intersection with the circumferential shallow grooves.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire. A partial tie rubber layer is selectively disposed between a carcass layer and an inner liner layer in an area on a tread portion on either side in a tire lateral direction excluding a center region of the tread portion such that a length of intrusion from a perpendicular line extending from an outermost edge of a belt layer in a tire lateral direction through the inner liner layer toward a tire equator of each of the partial tie rubber layers is within the range from 0 to 15 mm and a length of protrusion from the perpendicular line toward a bead portion of the partial tie rubber layer is within the range from 15 to 120 mm.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire is provided with four or more circumferential main grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction and five or more land portions defined by the circumferential main grooves. Additionally, second land portions are each provided with first through lug grooves and second through lug grooves that extend through the second land portion in a tire lateral direction and are adjacently arranged in the tire circumferential direction. Crossing angles of the first through lug grooves and the second through lug grooves with respect to the outermost circumferential main grooves are mutually different.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a bead core including circumferential portions made of metal wire bundled in rows disposed at each bead portion; and a carcass layer turned up at end portions around the bead cores from a tire inner side to an outer side; the bead cores including at least two central layers centrally located in a tire radial direction, at least one upper layer outward of the central layers in the radial direction, and at least one lower layer inward of the central layers in the radial direction; a number of the circumferential portions made of metal wire in the central layers is equal to each other and a maximum value; and a number of the circumferential portions made of metal wire in the upper layer(s) and the lower layer(s) being reduced by one from the maximum value for each layer away from the central layers.

Abstract: A liquid developer comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin and a carbon black, a toner particle dispersing agent, and a carrier liquid, wherein amounts of group 15 elements, group 16 elements, and group 17 elements on a surface of the carbon black are respectively 0.1 atomic percent or less with respect to a total amount of elements on the carbon black surface.

Abstract: A curable liquid developer containing: a toner particle containing a pigment and a binder resin; a toner particle dispersing agent; and a cationically polymerizable liquid monomer, wherein the binder resin contains a polyester resin having an acid value of at least 5 mg KOH/g; the polyester resin contains an alcohol component-derived monomer unit and an acid component-derived monomer unit; the alcohol component-derived monomer unit and the acid component-derived monomer unit contain specific monomer units in specific proportions; and the content of the polyester resin in the binder resin is at least 50 mass % and not more than 100 mass %.

Abstract: A curable liquid developer including: a toner particle containing a binder resin and a pigment; a toner particle dispersing agent; and a cationically polymerizable liquid monomer that does not dissolve the binder resin, wherein the pigment contains a copper phthalocyanine derivative represented by formula (1) below; in formula (1), each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 individually represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent derived from an amine compound, and at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 represents a substituent derived from an amine compound.

Abstract: A curable liquid developer containing a radical-polymerizable liquid monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, a toner particle being insoluble in the radical-polymerizable liquid monomer, and an amine compound, wherein the amine compound contains an amino group and at least one group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having at least 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having at least 6 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having at least 6 carbon atoms and a cycloalkylene group having at least 6 carbon atoms, and an amine value of the amine compound is at least 2 mg KOH/g and not more than 200 mg KOH/g.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes main grooves disposed in shoulder regions of a tread portion and extending in a tire circumferential direction; a plurality of lug grooves extending outward in a tire width direction from the main grooves and reaching sidewall portions; and a plurality of blocks that is partitioned by the main grooves and the lug grooves. In such a pneumatic tire, a narrow-width bent portion, having a groove width that is less than a groove width of other portions of the lug groove and which is bent with respect to an extending direction of the lug groove, is provided at an end portion on an outer side in the tire width direction of at least a portion of lug grooves among the plurality of lug grooves.

Abstract: A liquid developer containing a curable insulating liquid, a cationic polymerization initiator, and a toner particle containing a binder resin and carbon black, wherein the carbon black is basic, or wherein the toner particle contains a carbon black dispersing agent, and the carbon black dispersing agent has a dispersing group and an adsorptive group, and the adsorptive group is an amino group.

Abstract: A liquid developer comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin and a carbon black, a toner particle dispersing agent, and a carrier liquid, wherein amounts of group 15 elements, group 16 elements, and group 17 elements on a surface of the carbon black are respectively 0.1 atomic percent or less with respect to a total amount of elements on the carbon black surface.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a plurality of blocks arranged on a tire ground contact edge. The plurality of blocks each comprise at least one main sipe that comprises: a two-dimensional sipe portion extending in a tire circumferential direction, and a three-dimensional sipe portion extending in a tire lateral direction that connects to the two-dimensional sipe portion.