Abstract: The present invention provides a cell that has a high theoretical voltage and theoretical capacity, and can be discharged and recharged multiple times. The cell includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode contains a cathode active material containing an alkali metal compound represented by the formula (1): AxOy??(1) (wherein A is an alkali metal atom, x is 0.5 to 2.5, and y is 0.5 to 2.5), the anode contains an anode active material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, tin, titanium, boron, nitrogen, silicon, and carbon, and the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte are hermetically sealed in the cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell that has a high theoretical voltage and theoretical capacity, and can be discharged and recharged multiple times. The cell includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode contains a cathode active material containing an alkali metal compound represented by the formula (1): AxOy??(1) (wherein A is an alkali metal atom, x is 0.5 to 2.5, and y is 0.5 to 2.5), the anode contains an anode active material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, tin, titanium, boron, nitrogen, silicon, and carbon, and the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte are hermetically sealed in the cell.

Abstract: Provided is a solid composition comprising an iminocarboxylic acid salt, wherein the iminocarboxylic acid salt is 3-hydroxy-2,2?-iminodisuccinic acid and/or a salt thereof. The solid composition comprises 70% by weight or more of the iminocarboxylic acid salt, relative to a solid content except for moisture of the solid composition, and the solid composition comprises 20% by weight or less of moisture, relative to the solid composition. Also a production method of the solid composition, comprising a step of drying an iminocarboxylic acid salt-containing composition is provided.

Abstract: To provide a bleaching activator capable of improving bleaching performance of a peroxy compound and the like, and a detergent composition comprising such a compound. A bleaching activator comprising Keggin heteropolyoxometalate anions, wherein the Keggin heteropolyoxometalate anions comprise a Keggin heteropolyoxometalate anion represented by the following formula (1): [XMa(H2O)bOc]d???(1) (in the formula, X representing a silicon atom or a phosphorus atom; M being the same or different and representing a tungsten atom or a molybdenum atom; a representing an integer of 9 to 11; b representing a positive number of 0 to 6; c representing a positive number of 28 to 39; d representing a valency and being a positive number).

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method by which, in carrying out a liquid-phase oxidation reaction using a catalyst comprising a tungsten species as an essential component, the catalytic activity performance can be improved or maintained and by which the catalyst component tungsten species can be prevented from being leached into liquid reaction mixtures to thereby control decrease in catalytic activity and make it possible to reuse the catalyst. A method of liquid-phase oxidation reaction using a tungsten species, wherein that, in carrying out said method of liquid-phase oxidation reaction using a catalyst comprising a tungsten species as an essential component, said tungsten species is caused to be supported on a porous support and, further, a third element other than the component elements of said porous support and the tungsten element is caused to coexist in said catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a stabilized aqueous aminopolycarboxylate solution composition and a method of stabilizing the aminopolycarboxylate through preventing the same from caking. An aqueous aminopolycarboxylate solution composition containing an aminopolycarboxylate represented by the following general formula (1): in the formula, X may be the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an ammonium group, which has a D-form/L-form molar ratio of an aspartic acid skeleton of the aminopolycarboxylate of 1/0 to 0.7/0.3 or 0.3/0.7 to 0/1, has a solid concentration of 25 to 60 mass %, and has a pH value of not more than 11.

Abstract: To provide a solid composition as follows: exhibiting excellent stability; having advantages for transportation and storage; containing no additives; exhibiting functions such as excellent detergency, and capable of being preferably used, and a production method thereof. A solid composition comprising an iminocarboxylic acid salt, wherein the iminocarboxylic acid salt is 3-hydroxy-2,2?-iminodisuccinic acid and/or a salt thereof, the solid composition comprises 70% by weight or more of the iminocarboxylic acid salt, relative to a solid content except for moisture of the solid composition, and the solid composition comprises 20% by weight or less of moisture, relative to the solid composition, and a production method of the solid composition, comprising a step of drying an iminocarboxylic acid salt-containing composition.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a stabilized aqueous aminopolycarboxylate solution composition and a method of stabilizing the aminopolycarboxylate through preventing the same from caking.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method by which, in carrying out a liquid-phase oxidation reaction using a catalyst comprising a tungsten species as an essential component, the catalytic activity performance can be improved or maintained and by which the catalyst component tungsten species can be prevented from being leached into liquid reaction mixtures to thereby control decrease in catalytic activity and make it possible to reuse the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst capable of producing an epoxy compound in high yield and improving the utilization efficiency of the oxidizing agent as well as a method of producing an epoxy compound using that catalyst. A catalyst for producing an epoxy compound by oxidizing a compound having at least one ethylenic double bond with an oxidizing agent, comprising a polyatom-containing heteropolyoxometalate anion (A1) having two defective and/or three defective structure sites and containing silicon as the heteroatom, and an element (E1) being at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, tantalum, niobium, antimony, bismuth, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, tellurium, rhenium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, platinum, iridium, silver, gold, zinc, aluminum, gallium, indium, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, germanium, tin and lanthanoids, and being different from the polyatom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst capable of producing an epoxy compound in high yield and improving the utilization efficiency of the oxidizing agent as well as a method of producing an epoxy compound using that catalyst.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an aromatic compound possesssing at least one alkyl substituent by using a catalyst avoids containing a corrosive bromine ion, remains stably without being decomposed even in an oxidizing atmospherfe, and permits reclamation is provided. An aromatic compound possessing at least one alkyl substituent is oxidized by using a catalyst which has at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, silicon, and germanium as a hetero atom and at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, and niobium as a poly atom and comprises a heteropoly-oxometalate anion possessing two defective structure site and at least one kind of element selected from the group of elements of Periods 4˜6 of Groups IB, VA,VIIA, and VIII in the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: An amino acid derivative composition which comprises two or more kinds of amino acid derivatives represented by the general formula (1): wherein R's are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms; L1 represents —M1—X or —CHX—M2—X; L2 represents —CH2—M3—X or —CHX—M4—X; M1, M2, M3 and M4 are the same or different and each represents a straight or branched alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X represents COOM; M's are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an alkaline earth metal atom or an ammonium group; m represents an integer of 1 or 2 and n represents an integer of 0 or 1 on the condition that m+n is equal to 2 is provided.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an aromatic compound possesssing at least one alkyl substituent by using a catalyst avoids containing a corrosive bromine ion, remains stably without being decomposed even in an oxidizing atmospherfe, and permits reclamation is provided. An aromatic compound possessing at least one alkyl substituent is oxidized by using a catalyst which has at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, silicon, and germanium as a hetero atom and at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, and niobium as a poly atom and comprises a heteropoly-oxometalate nion possessing two defective structure site and at least one kind of element selected from the group of elements of Periods 4˜6 of Groups IB, VA, VIIA, and VIII in the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process for an ether carboxylate salt in which process the ether carboxylate salt is obtainable with a good yield, and the amount of expensive catalyst, as used, can be saved, and the recovery of the catalyst is easy. The production process for an ether carboxylate salt comprises the etherification step of reacting a hydroxyl-group-containing organic compound and a carboxyl-group-containing organic compound in an aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst containing a rare earth element, wherein the carboxyl-group-containing organic compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of carboxyl-group-containing unsaturated organic compounds and carboxyl-group-containing epoxy compounds. This process is characterized in that the pH of the aqueous medium is in the range of 9˜13, but not including 9, and in that the amount of the catalyst, as used, is in the range of 0.0001˜0.

Abstract: A chelating composition containing an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is an imino group or an oxygen atom, R is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and n is 0 or 1, or the salt thereof and sugar or saccharic acid of 4 to 12 carbon atoms at such a ratio as enables the components to manifest synergistic effects is provided. This chelating composition is capable of effectively sequestering a metal ion and preventing the metal ion from being insolubilized without causing pollution of the environment.

Abstract: An aqueous iminocarboxylic acid salt solution composition the iminocarboxylic acid salt of which has a structure of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group and Y is a sodium atom, a potassium atom, or an ammonium group, contains an aspartic acid backbone moiety whose molar ratio of the isomers, i.e. D form/L form, is in the range of 1/0 to 0.7/0.3 or D form/L form, in the range of 0/1 to 0.3/0.7, and accounts for a concentration in the range of 40 to 70% by weight and a method for handling the composition while keeping the pH value thereof kept in the range of 7 to 12.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a solid catalyst which enables a person to simply and efficiently carry out an etherification reaction; and a process by which an ether compound is simply and efficiently produced using the solid catalyst. The solid catalyst is a first solid catalyst comprising at least one rare earth element, or is a second solid catalyst comprising a metallic compound which includes a metal atom and a nonmetal atom bonded to the metal atom, wherein the metallic compound has molecular orbitals including: at least one orbital (L) having an energy of E.sub.L (eV) which satisfies E.sub.LUMO .ltoreq.E.sub.L .ltoreq.(E.sub.LUMO +0.05) wherein E.sub.LUMO is an energy (eV) of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital around the metal atom; and at least one orbital (H) having an energy of E.sub.H (eV) which satisfies (E.sub.HOMO -0.02).ltoreq.E.sub.H .ltoreq.E.sub.HOMO wherein E.sub.