Abstract: A method of determining an ESA dose, which allows a hemoglobin concentration in the blood to be stably maintained at a target value, and which can decrease a range of fluctuation of the hemoglobin concentration with respect to the target value. The method comprises the steps of: setting the target value of the hemoglobin concentration in the blood; calculating a target value of a hemoglobin production rate which allows the hemoglobin concentration to reach the target value; calculating a serum ESA concentration which allows the hemoglobin production rate to reach the target value, from a relationship between the hemoglobin production rate and the ESA concentration; and calculating an amount of administration of an ESA which gives the serum ESA concentration, from a relationship between the ESA concentration and the amount of administration of the ESA, to determine an ESA dose which allows the hemoglobin concentration to reach the target value.

Abstract: The present invention suppresses the formation of a pocket in a wall of a puncture route when a dull needle is moved forward along the puncture route. In order to achieve such aim, the invention provides a needle to be inserted into a puncture route extending from skin to a blood vessel under the skin to puncture the blood vessel, wherein: the needle is formed in a tubular shape and has an inclined end face at a tip of the needle, the inclined end face being inclined relative to an axis of the needle, a tip end of the inclined end face defining an unsharp edge; the needle has a flexibility of needle elastic modulus nE=1-900 Nmm as defined by an equation to be set forth below; a material of the needle is a resin; and the needle is manufactured by injection molding using a ring-shaped gate.

Abstract: A method of determining an ESA dose, which allows a hemoglobin concentration in the blood to be stably maintained at a target value, and which can decrease a range of fluctuation of the hemoglobin concentration with respect to the target value. The method comprises the steps of: setting the target value of the hemoglobin concentration in the blood; calculating a target value of a hemoglobin production rate which allows the hemoglobin concentration to reach the target value; calculating a serum ESA concentration which allows the hemoglobin production rate to reach the target value, from a relationship between the hemoglobin production rate and the ESA concentration; and calculating an amount of administration of an ESA which gives the serum ESA concentration, from a relationship between the ESA concentration and the amount of administration of the ESA, to determine an ESA dose which allows the hemoglobin concentration to reach the target value.

Abstract: The success rate of the insertion of a dull needle into a puncture hole is improved. A puncture needle is provided which is inserted into a puncture route that is formed to cover from a skin surface to a shunt vessel surface so as to expand an incision of a puncture hole formed in the shunt vessel surface. The puncture needle has an inclined end face that is inclined toward a front end of the needle, and a front end part of the inclined end face has an edge having no sharpness. Right and left side parts of the inclined end face which are contiguous with the front end part are respectively inclined outward, and side edges of the side parts are provided with cutting lines.

Abstract: A respiratory tract widening tool capable of reliably managing a respiratory tract in a supine posture and freely changing the posture, and a respiratory tract widening unit provided therewith are provided.

Abstract: A respiratory tract widening tool capable of reliably managing a respiratory tract in a supine posture and freely changing the posture, and a respiratory tract widening unit provided therewith are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of puncturing a shunt blood vessel, using a incision needle having a pointed extremity that protrudes apically from a hypothetical angled plane formed by cutting straight through the tip of the needle at an angle, wherein the pointed extremity of the incision needle is inserted into a shunt blood vessel, thereby forming a reverse U-shaped incision on the surface of the shunt blood vessel, with the apex of the incision being on the bottom side in the direction of insertion.