Abstract: A manufacturing method includes a joining step of abutting and joining an end surface of a tube main body and a projecting portion of a head member by frictional welding in a state in which a through hole of the tube main body and the projecting portion of the head member are fitted with a fitting clearance. In the joining step, flow material which is practically flowed from an end surface of the tube main body and the flange portion of the head member is filled in the fitting clearance from the root side until the tip portion is located within the range in the direction of the rotation axis, thereby joining between a non-contact portion and the tube main body and between an inclined inner peripheral surface of the tube main body and an outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion by the flow material.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for manufacturing a cylinder tube includes a joining step of joining a tube main body and a head member by friction welding by abutting an end surface of the tube main body and a flange portion of the head member in a state in which a through hole of the tube main body and a projecting portion of the head member are fitted to each other so as to form a predetermined clearance. In the joining step, a non-contact portion of the flange portion of the head member facing the clearance is joined to the tube main body by heating the non-contact portion with friction heat generated by relative rotation between the tube main body and the head member.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes a joining step of abutting and joining an end surface of a tube main body and a projecting portion of a head member by frictional welding in a state in which a through hole of the tube main body and the projecting portion of the head member are fitted with a fitting clearance. In the joining step, flow material which is practically flowed from an end surface of the tube main body and the flange portion of the head member is filled in the fitting clearance from the root side until the tip portion is located within the range in the direction of the rotation axis, thereby joining between a non-contact portion and the tube main body and between an inclined inner peripheral surface of the tube main body and an outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion by the flow material.

Abstract: A front left speaker cover for a front left speaker includes a first hole forming portion in which holes each having a bottom are formed. The first hole forming portion is a section including a first edge of the front left speaker cover. The holes include a first hole and a second hole. The first hole is formed in the first edge of the front left speaker cover and opens in a surface direction of the front left speaker cover. The second hole is formed in a section different from the first edge and a fourth edge. The distance from the surface of the front left speaker cover to the bottom of the first hole is shorter than the distance from the surface of the front left speaker cover to the bottom of the second hole.

Abstract: A gap concealing structure for a vehicle includes an instrument cluster frame, a steering column, a steering column cover, and a flexible concealing member that conceals the gap between the instrument cluster frame and the steering column cover in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The instrument cluster frame includes a curvilinear recess that is recessed upward away from the steering column and an attachment wall that extends in the up-down direction and the left-right direction of the vehicle from the lower surface of the recess. The concealing member has a first end and a second end in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The first end of the concealing member is attached to the attachment wall of the instrument cluster frame. The second end of the concealing member is attached to the steering column cover.

Abstract: A bonded body formed by frictional pressure-contact, includes: a first member including an end surface and a hollow portion with an opening in the end surface; and a second member including a body portion bonded to the end surface and a protrusion portion protruding from the body portion, the protrusion portion being accommodated in the hollow portion, wherein at least one of an inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion and an outer peripheral surface of the protrusion portion includes an inclined portion inclined to a radial direction of the opening, while the other is in contact with the inclined portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for manufacturing a cylinder tube includes a joining step of joining a tube main body and a head member by friction welding by abutting an end surface of the tube main body and a flange portion of the head member in a state in which a through hole of the tube main body and a projecting portion of the head member are fitted to each other so as to form a predetermined clearance. In the joining step, a non-contact portion of the flange portion of the head member facing the clearance is joined to the tube main body by heating the non-contact portion with friction heat generated by relative rotation between the tube main body and the head member.

Abstract: A front left speaker cover for a front left speaker includes a first hole forming portion in which holes each having a bottom are formed. The first hole forming portion is a section including a first edge of the front left speaker cover. The holes include a first hole and a second hole. The first hole is formed in the first edge of the front left speaker cover and opens in a surface direction of the front left speaker cover. The second hole is formed in a section different from the first edge and a fourth edge. The distance from the surface of the front left speaker cover to the bottom of the first hole is shorter than the distance from the surface of the front left speaker cover to the bottom of the second hole.

Abstract: A gap concealing structure for a vehicle includes an instrument cluster frame, a steering column, a steering column cover, and a flexible concealing member that conceals the gap between the instrument cluster frame and the steering column cover in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The instrument cluster frame includes a curvilinear recess that is recessed upward away from the steering column and an attachment wall that extends in the up-down direction and the left-right direction of the vehicle from the lower surface of the recess. The concealing member has a first end and a second end in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The first end of the concealing member is attached to the attachment wall of the instrument cluster frame. The second end of the concealing member is attached to the steering column cover.

Abstract: A bonded body formed by frictional pressure-contact, includes: a first member including an end surface and a hollow portion with an opening in the end surface; and a second member including a body portion bonded to the end surface and a protrusion portion protruding from the body portion, the protrusion portion being accommodated in the hollow portion, wherein at least one of an inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion and an outer peripheral surface of the protrusion portion includes an inclined portion inclined to a radial direction of the opening, while the other is in contact with the inclined portion.

Abstract: A fluid pressure cylinder extends and contracts in accordance with supply/discharge of fluid pressure to/from a cylinder tube is provided. On inner side of both end portions of the cylinder tube in an axial direction, at least one small-diameter portion having a diameter smaller than those of the end portions in the axial direction is formed by a spinning process.

Abstract: An iron powder for decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds, comprising from 0.03 to 0.5% by weight of Ni and from 0.005 to 5% by weight of carbon, wherein particles having a particle size of less than 53 ?m occupies less than 40% by weight, is used. It is particularly preferable that Ni, carbon and iron are partially alloyed. When the iron powder for decomposition is used by mixing with, for example, an Ni-free iron powder, the total Ni content can be reduced without deterioration of decomposition performance to organic chlorinated compounds. The iron powder has high decomposition performance in the treatment of a solid such as soil.

Abstract: A laminated body for a vehicle includes a surface material, a cushion material, and a backing cloth that are stacked. The backing cloth is formed by stacking a plurality of short fibers so that the short fibers are oriented in different directions that cross each other, and then, three-dimensionally interlacing the short fibers with each other.

Abstract: In an iron powder for decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds, an iron powder having high decomposition performance in the treatment of a solid such as in a soil, and having low Ni content was required. An iron powder for decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds, comprising from 0.03 to 0.5% by weight of Ni and from 0.005 to 5% by weight of carbon, wherein particles having a particle size of less than 53 ?m occupies less than 40% by weight, is used. It is particularly preferable that Ni, carbon and iron are partially alloyed. When the iron powder for decomposition is used by mixing with, for example, an Ni-free iron powder, the total Ni content can be reduced without deterioration of decomposition performance to organic chlorinated compounds.

Abstract: An apparatus for bend-shaping a glass sheet is disclosed, which comprises a heating furnace, a plurality of in-furnace beds disposed within the heating furnace, at least one out-furnace bed disposed externally of the heating furnace proximately to an outlet of the heating furnace, and an elevating mechanism disposed below that one of the in-furnace beds which is positioned proximately to the outlet and the out-furnace bed. The in- and out-furnace beds have upper surfaces curved transversely and capable of jetting air to floatingly support a glass sheet. For producing a dual curved glass sheet, the elevating mechanism is operated to elevate opposed ends of the one in-furnace bed and the out-furnace bed so that these beds jointly form a hill. For producing a single-curved glass sheet, the elevating mechanism is operated to lower the opposed ends of those beds to their original flat positions.

Abstract: An apparatus for bend-shaping a glass sheet is disclosed, which comprises a heating furnace, a plurality of in-furnace beds disposed within the heating furnace, at least one out-furnace bed disposed externally of the heating furnace proximately to an outlet of the heating furnace, and an elevating mechanism disposed below that one of the in-furnace beds which is positioned proximately to the outlet and the out-furnace bed. The in- and out-furnace beds have upper surfaces curved transversely and capable of jetting air to floatingly support a glass sheet. For producing a dual curved glass sheet, the elevating mechanism is operated to elevate opposed ends of the one in-furnace bed and the out-furnace bed so that these beds jointly form a hill. For producing a single-curved glass sheet, the elevating mechanism is operated to lower the opposed ends of those beds to their original flat positions.