Abstract: A hydroxy- or mercapto-bearing organic compound is caused to react with a polycarbodiimide compound in the presence of an alcoholate of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal. The carbodiimide linkage in the polymer which results from the above-described reaction is crosslinked.

Abstract: A polycarbodiimide compound is reacted with an organic compound having at least two amino groups in the molecule. A polycarbodiimide compound is reacted with an amine compound having a silicon atom in the molecule. The carbodiimide bonds remained in the crosslinked material are further crosslinked. The crosslinked material is further heated/calcined to obtain an inorganic material having high heat resistance and strong toughness.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of a polycarbodiimide solution wherein the polycarbodiimide is synthesized by heating an organic diisocyanate (e.g., 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate) in the presence of a carbodiimidation catlayst characterized in that a non-chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon is used as the solvent and the resulting polycarbodiimide has a number average molecular weight from about 3,000 to about 10,000; wherein the synthesis is performed in the temperature range of from about 100.degree. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides a process wherein a stable solution of polycarbodiimide with a number-average molecular-weight of 5,000 to 60,000 can be very easily prepared by using an organic diisocyanate (e.g., 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate) as starting material, a cyclic phosphine oxide as catalyst and a chlorinated aromatic compound as solvent and by controlling certain reaction conditions within the reaction temperature range of 110.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal device comprises a pair of transparent substrates opposing to each other and having electrodes respectively, a plurality of color filters disposed on an inner surface of one of the substrates, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates, a pair of electrodes disposed on the substrates respectively for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer thereby to vary a state of molecular orientation of said liquid crystal layer to perform a light modulation. A thickness of the liquid crystal layer is decreased or increased at an overlapping portion of the color filters than the rest portion of the color filters.

Abstract: A liquid crystal/prepolymer composition which is composed of a liquid crystal component, a prepolymer composition and a polymerization initiator, the liquid crystal/prepolymer composition, when polymerized, being capable of causing phase separation into the liquid crystal and a polymer, the prepolymer composition containing a monofunctional acrylate component having one double bond, with an HLB value of 2.5 to 7.0; and a bifunctional acrylate component having two double bonds, with an HLB value of 3.5 to 11. In addition, there is also disclosed a liquid crystal display device composed of a pair of support materials and a liquid crystal/polymer composition held between the support materials, with the phase separation into the liquid crystal component and the polymer composition, which is formed by polymerizing the above-mentioned liquid crystal/prepolymer composition.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal device comprises: a pair of transparent substrates opposing to each other and having electrodes respectively, a plurality of color filters disposed on an inner surface of one of the substrates, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates, a pair of electrodes disposed on the substrates respectively for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer thereby to vary a state of molecular orientation of said liquid crystal layer to perform a light modulation. A thickness of the liquid crystal layer is decreased or increased at an overlapping portion of the color filters than the rest portion of said color filters.

Abstract: Provided is a phase plate comprising a light transmitting base, an alignment layer formed on said base, and a film formed on said alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and assumes a glassy state at a temperature below the liquid crystal transition point of the polymer.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display (LCD) made up of polymer dispersion type display elements each having a liquid crystal dispersion film in which liquid crystals are dispersed in a tridimensional microstructure implemented by a polymer or similar resin. Selective light reflecting or diffusing means introduces forwardly scattered light components from scattering pixels again into a liquid crystal layer without effecting non-scattering pixels. Hence, high reflection intensity and, therefore, high contrast is achieved. A light source unit is positioned such that at least a part of illumination light is reflected in the reflection angle range of the selective reflecting means. Hence, forward scattering with high scattered light intensity can be used, insuring extremely light white display.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display device with improved viewing angle dependency upon contrast and color, comprising a liquid crystal cell having a pair of substrates each equipped with transparent electrodes and a liquid crystal layer positioned therebetween, polarizers disposed on opposite sides of the cell and a compensation plate disposed between at least one of the polarizers and the cell, in which at least one layer of the compensation plate is an aligned film comprising a liquid crystalline polymer or a polymer having a specific molecular structure, and a refractive index in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the film is larger than the minimum refractive index in a direction parallel to the plane.

Abstract: A compensator for liquid crystal display which is composed of:a light transmitting base;an alignment layer formed on said base; anda film formed on said alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a twisted nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and which assumes the state of glass at a temperature below the liquid crystal transition point thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compensator for liquid crystal display comprising a light transmitting base, an alignment layer formed on the base, and a film formed on the alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which contains as a main component a polyester consisting essentially of structural units (A) and (B) represented by the following formulae: ##STR1## (B) --O--R--O-- where R represents a straight chain or branched, divalent, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in which the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by halogen, phenyl, or alkoxy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal color display device comprising;a liquid crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer positioned between the substrates and transparent electrodes on the substrates to apply voltage to the layer;a pair of polarizers positioned on opposite sides of the cell; anda combination of a color filter film and an optical phase plate positioned between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the polarizers:wherein the phase plate comprises a film of liquid crystal polymer composition having polyester as a main constituent, being thermotropic and having a glass transition point, and the device is high in productivity, light in weight, good in color reproducibility, good in contrast, excellent in color tone display dependency upon viewing angle and wide in viewing angle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a DAP type-ECB system liquid crystal display device comprising (1) a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates each having at least one electrode, (2) a birefringent layer sandwiched between a substrate and the liquid crystal cell and (3) a pair of polarizers disposed on outer surfaces of the substrates. The birefringent layer comprises a liquid crystal compound showing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase or a polymer film obtained by quenching a polymer showing a cholesteric phase to fix the aligning direction of the polymer molecules, and refractive indexes n.sub.x, n.sub.y within a plane of the birefringent layer and the refractive index n.sub.z in the direction perpendicular to the plane have a relationship:n.sub.x =n.sub.y >n.sub.z.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell display device including a liquid crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates having transparent electrodes and aligning films, a liquid crystal composition with a positive dielectric anisotropy positioned between the substrates, major axes of the liquid crystal molecules being aligned nearly parallel in a plane parallel to the substrate when a field is applied and the liquid crystal molecules being twisted in an angle of 120.degree. to 360.degree.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including (1) a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer with a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a pair of substrates each having at least one electrode, and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are homogeneously aligned between the substrates, (2) a pair of polarizers disposed so as to sandwich the liquid crystal cell therebetween and (3) at least one birefringent layer sandwiched between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizer, in which the maximum refractive index direction within the plane of the birefringent layer is substantially perpendicular to the aligning direction of the liquid crystal molecules. The device is excellent particularly in highly multiplexing driving characteristic as a black and white light shutter or a color display device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element has a liquid crystal cell contructed such that a liquid crystal layer composed of a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is homogeneously oriented between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes; a pair of polarizers disposed such that the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the polarizers; and a uniaxial medium disposed at least one of clearances between the liquid crystal layer and the both polarizers, the uniaxial medium having a positive optical anisotropy and an optical axis in a direction perpendicular to a substrate face. In the liquid crystal display element, products of refractive index anisotropy and thickness of the uniaxial medium are different from each other in accordance with the difference between displayed colors determined every display picture element.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of orienting a liquid crystal polymer which comprises coating and drying a solution of a polymeric compound showing a thermotropic liquid crystal property on the surface of a plastic substrate applied with a rubbing treatment, and subjecting to a heat-treatment at a temperature that the liquid crystal polymer exhibits a liquid crystal phase.

Abstract: A highly orientated, liquid crystalline polymer having a light controlling function and suitable for use in the optoelectronic field is prepared by applying a solution of a polymer which exhibits a thermotropic liquid crystallinity onto a stretched polymer film, drying the applied solution, and thereafter heat-treating the thus-coated film at a temperature at which said liquid crystalline polymer exhibits a liquid crystal phase, for a time sufficient for the molecules of the liquid crystalline polymer to be orientated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a substrate with a liquid crystal polymeric thin film comprising a substrate, an orientation film formed on said substrate and a thermotropic liquid crystal polymeric thin film formed on said orientation film, in which the orientation film comprises a polyimide having a glass transition point of higher than 300.degree. C. obtained by cyclizing a polyamic acid or its derivative coated on said substrate and applying a rubbing treatment.