Abstract: An exclusive protection device for a PCMCIA card/express card, includes a shell, a liquid crystal display and a control unit. The inner surface of the shell defines a slot and the outer surface defines a chamber. The slot is disposed to receive a PCMCIA card or an express card. The liquid crystal display is fixed in the chamber of the shell. The control unit is disposed in the shell and connected to the liquid crystal display. Accordingly, not only can this protection device provides protection for the PCMCIA card/express card, but it also possesses many additional functions, such as a display function, a broadcast function, a transfer function and a telephone communication function.

Abstract: A system and method of protection switching in a communications network that makes more efficient use of resources in the network and reduces the loss of data traffic carried by the network. The communications network includes an established working path and an established protect path interconnecting a source node and a sink node. The source node and the sink node are configured to perform label switching on the network. The source node receives primary data traffic and secondary data traffic over one or more communications paths. In a fault-free condition, the source node sends the primary data traffic over the working path to the sink node, and sends the secondary data traffic over the protect path to the sink node. In the event of a fault or switchover condition in the working path, the source node performs traffic trunk and label merging on the primary and secondary traffic, and sends the merged traffic over the protect path to the sink node.

Abstract: A system and method of protection switching in a communications network that makes more efficient use of resources in the network and reduces the loss of data traffic carried by the network. The communications network includes an established working path and an established protect path interconnecting a source node and a sink node. The source node and the sink node are configured to perform label switching on the network. The source node receives primary data traffic and secondary data traffic over one or more communications paths. In a fault-free condition, the source node sends the primary data traffic over the working path to the sink node, and sends the secondary data traffic over the protect path to the sink node. In the event of a fault or switchover condition in the working path, the source node performs traffic trunk and label merging on the primary and secondary traffic, and sends the merged traffic over the protect path to the sink node.

Abstract: A hierarchical searching technique is used to find the first memory location of a calendar queue with a validity bit of “1” (that is, the lowest time stamp). The bit string at any level l (l≠0) can be stored in a RAM of size glMl−1. The string at the highest level in the hierarchy (l=0) can be stored in an M0 bit register.

Abstract: A two (2) dimensional shaper uses a hierarchical searching technique to find the first memory location of the calendar queue with a validity bit of “1” (that is, the lowest time stamp). The bit string at any level l (l≠0) can be stored in a RAM of size glMl−1. The string at the highest level in the hierarchy (l=0) can be stored in an M0 bit register.